{"id":59182,"date":"2024-02-28T05:45:17","date_gmt":"2024-02-28T05:45:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medsname.com\/xafinact\/"},"modified":"2026-05-01T10:49:15","modified_gmt":"2026-05-01T10:49:15","slug":"xafinact","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/bg\/product\/xafinact\/","title":{"rendered":"Xafinact"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

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\u26a1 \u0411\u044a\u0440\u0437 \u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440<\/h3>\n

Xafinact<\/strong> \u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d safinamide<\/strong> (50 mg or 100 mg) tablet \u2014 a selective monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) inhibitor<\/strong> \u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043d<\/strong>. By blocking MAO-B in the brain, it slows the breakdown of dopamine and helps lengthen the time levodopa keeps working between doses (reduces “off” time). Safinamide adds a unique glutamate-modulating effect<\/strong> on top of MAO-B inhibition — it blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and reduces stimulated glutamate release in the basal ganglia. Licensed only as adjunct to levodopa<\/strong>, not as monotherapy. Common side effects: insomnia, headache, dyskinesia, dry mouth, postural hypotension. \u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e:<\/strong> avoid combination with most antidepressants (SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs), opioids such as pethidine and tramadol, and dextromethorphan — risk of \u0441\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n\u041a\u0430\u043a\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0441 MedsBase:<\/strong> \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b, \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043e\u0442 WHO-GMP \u00b7 \u0414\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u00b7 \u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0442 \u00b7 \u041d\u0430\u0434 1400 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438<\/a>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83d\udce6 \u0412\u0441\u044f\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044a\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0430<\/strong><\/a> \u2014 \u0430\u043a\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 20 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043d\u0438, \u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044f \u0438\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e.<\/p>\n

\u0417\u0430\u0449\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044a\u0447\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 MedsBase<\/h3>\n

\u041d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044f\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438, \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442 WHO-GMP, \u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0442 \u0432 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430, \u043e\u0431\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u2014 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0438\u043c\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044a\u043d\u0448\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0449\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0440 (\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0440 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0449\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0441 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u2014 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u201cMedsBase\u201d \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e). \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 SEPA. \u0412\u0441\u044f\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044a\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u043d\u0435.<\/p>\n

What Is Xafinact?<\/h2>\n

Xafinact is an oral tablet containing safinamide 50 mg or 100 mg<\/strong>. safinamide is a selective monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) inhibitor<\/strong> originally introduced as Xadago<\/strong>. Xafinact is manufactured by a WHO-GMP certified facility and is bioequivalent to the originator brand at the same strength.<\/p>\n

Safinamide is the newest MAO-B inhibitor (approved by the EMA in 2015 and FDA in 2017). Its dual mechanism — reversible MAO-B inhibition \u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441<\/em> sodium-channel and glutamate modulation — was designed specifically to address levodopa-induced dyskinesia and wearing-off in fluctuating Parkinson patients. Unlike selegiline and rasagiline, it is licensed only as an adjunct to levodopa<\/strong>, never as monotherapy.<\/p>\n

How Does Xafinact (safinamide) Work?<\/h2>\n

Safinamide works through two parallel mechanisms. The dopaminergic action<\/strong> — reversible, highly selective MAO-B inhibition — raises brain dopamine levels and lengthens the effect of each levodopa dose. The non-dopaminergic action<\/strong> — voltage-dependent sodium-channel blockade and reduced stimulated glutamate release — dampens the abnormal glutamate signalling in the basal ganglia that contributes to \u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043f\u0430-\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0438\u044f<\/em>. The combination explains why safinamide reduces dyskinesia where most other dopaminergic agents would worsen it.<\/p>\n

Comparing the MAO-B Inhibitors<\/h2>\n

The three MAO-B inhibitors used in Parkinson disease — selegiline, rasagiline and safinamide — share a common mechanism but differ meaningfully in metabolites, dosing and clinical positioning:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0425\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/th>\nSelegiline<\/th>\nRasagiline<\/th>\nSafinamide<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Typical dose<\/td>\n5–10 mg\/day<\/td>\n0.5–1 mg\/day<\/td>\n50–100 mg\/day<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Active metabolites<\/td>\nAmphetamine + methamphetamine<\/td>\nAminoindan (non-amphetamine)<\/td>\nNo active stimulant metabolite<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Glutamate effect<\/td>\n\u041d\u0435<\/td>\n\u041d\u0435<\/td>\n\u0414\u0430<\/strong> — sodium-channel\/glutamate-release modulation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td>\nMonotherapy or adjunct<\/td>\nMonotherapy or adjunct<\/td>\nAdjunct only<\/strong> — for fluctuating PD on levodopa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Insomnia risk<\/td>\nHigher (amphetamine metabolites)<\/td>\n\u041d\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n\u041d\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Who Is Xafinact For?<\/h2>\n

Xafinact is appropriate for adults with mid- or late-stage Parkinson disease on stable levodopa therapy who are experiencing motor fluctuations (end-of-dose wearing-off). It is \u043d\u0435<\/strong> licensed for early monotherapy — rasagiline or selegiline are the appropriate MAO-B options for that. Patients with severe hepatic impairment, retinal disease (especially albinism, retinitis pigmentosa, retinal degeneration, severe diabetic retinopathy or uveitis) should not use safinamide.<\/p>\n

\u0414\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h2>\n

The standard regimen is 50 mg once daily for 2 weeks<\/strong> as a starting dose, then increased to 100 mg \u0432\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044a\u0436 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e<\/strong> if tolerated. There is no benefit to higher doses; above 100 mg\/day MAO-B selectivity is lost. Take in the morning with or without food. May be combined with any standard levodopa regimen; the levodopa dose may need a small reduction (10–30%) if dyskinesia worsens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0424\u0430\u0437\u0430<\/th>\n\u0414\u043e\u0437\u0430<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Weeks 1–2<\/td>\n50 mg once daily, morning<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Maintenance (if 50 mg insufficient)<\/td>\n100 mg \u0432\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044a\u0436 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0422\u0435\u0436\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435<\/td>\n\u0418\u0437\u0431\u044f\u0433\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
⚠ Tyramine and the “cheese effect”<\/strong> At standard MAO-B-selective doses, dietary tyramine restriction is generally \u043d\u0435<\/em> required. However, MAO-B selectivity is dose-dependent — selegiline above 10 mg\/day, rasagiline above 1 mg\/day, and safinamide above 100 mg\/day lose selectivity and inhibit peripheral MAO-A as well. At those doses, tyramine-rich foods (aged cheeses, cured meats, broad beans, fermented soya, draught beer) can trigger a hypertensive crisis. Stay within prescribed doses to avoid this risk.<\/div>\n

\u0427\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438<\/h2>\n

Dyskinesia (a paradoxical early effect — safinamide initially amplifies levodopa effect, so dyskinesia can increase<\/em> in the first weeks before settling), nausea, insomnia, postural hypotension, fall risk. Less common: visual hallucinations, anxiety, weight loss. Retinal toxicity<\/strong> has been a concern in animal studies but has not been seen at any meaningful frequency in humans — nonetheless, eye examination before starting and periodically is recommended for patients with pre-existing retinal disease.<\/p>\n

⚠ Serotonin syndrome — dangerous interactions<\/strong> Combining a MAO-B inhibitor with serotonergic drugs can cause \u0441\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c<\/em>: agitation, sweating, tremor, hyperreflexia, fever, diarrhoea, in severe cases seizures and death. Avoid:<\/strong> SSRIs (fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, citalopram, escitalopram), SNRIs (venlafaxine, duloxetine), tricyclics (amitriptyline, imipramine), pethidine (meperidine), tramadol, dextromethorphan, methadone, St John’s wort, MDMA. Wash-out periods:<\/strong> stop fluoxetine 5 weeks before starting MAO-B inhibitor; stop other SSRIs\/SNRIs at least 2 weeks before; do not start fluoxetine within 2 weeks of stopping the MAO-B inhibitor.<\/div>\n

\u041b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f<\/h2>\n
    \n
  • Antidepressants<\/strong> — SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs: avoid. If a serotonergic antidepressant is essential, mirtazapine or bupropion are sometimes used cautiously under specialist supervision.<\/li>\n
  • Opioids<\/strong> — pethidine, tramadol, methadone: contraindicated. Morphine, codeine, oxycodone are safer alternatives if analgesia is required.<\/li>\n
  • Sympathomimetics<\/strong> — pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine, ephedrine: risk of hypertensive crisis. Avoid OTC decongestants.<\/li>\n
  • Other MAO inhibitors<\/strong> — phenelzine, tranylcypromine, isocarboxazid, linezolid, methylene blue: contraindicated.<\/li>\n
  • CYP1A2 inducers\/inhibitors<\/strong> — safinamide is metabolised mainly by non-CYP pathways (amidase enzymes); few clinically important interactions.<\/li>\n
  • \u041b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043f\u0430<\/strong> — intentional combination: start at the lower MAO-B dose and watch for dyskinesia (a sign that levodopa effect has been amplified). Levodopa dose may need a 10–30% reduction.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u0427\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438<\/h2>\n

    Can I take Xafinact instead of levodopa?<\/h3>\n

    No — unlike selegiline and rasagiline, safinamide is licensed only as an adjunct<\/em> to levodopa. It has not been studied as monotherapy and would be unlikely to provide adequate symptom control alone.<\/p>\n

    How quickly will I feel an effect?<\/h3>\n

    MAO-B inhibitors work gradually. Most patients notice a smoother “on” period and reduced “off” time within 2–4 weeks. The full benefit on motor fluctuations is usually clear by 4–8 weeks.<\/p>\n

    Will I have to follow a low-tyramine diet?<\/h3>\n

    At normal prescribed doses (selegiline ≤ 10 mg\/day, rasagiline 1 mg\/day, safinamide ≤ 100 mg\/day), no special diet is required. Above those doses, MAO-B selectivity is lost and tyramine restriction becomes important.<\/p>\n

    Does Xafinact slow down Parkinson disease itself?<\/h3>\n

    A neuroprotective or disease-modifying effect of MAO-B inhibitors has been studied (e.g. the DATATOP and ADAGIO trials with selegiline and rasagiline). Results are suggestive<\/em> but not definitive. The drugs are prescribed primarily for symptom control, not as guaranteed disease-modifying therapy.<\/p>\n

    \u041a\u0430\u043a\u0432\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u044f, \u0430\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0430?<\/h3>\n

    \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u0449\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 that day<\/strong>. If it is already evening or close to bedtime, skip it — selegiline and rasagiline can both cause insomnia, and a late dose can disrupt sleep. Never double-dose. Resume normal schedule the next day.<\/p>\n

    Can I drink alcohol with Xafinact?<\/h3>\n

    Moderate alcohol is not strictly forbidden, but heavy drinking and red-wine binges can interact with residual MAO inhibition and increase blood-pressure variability. Many Parkinson patients also have postural hypotension on dopaminergic therapy — alcohol worsens this. Limit to 1 standard drink occasionally.<\/p>\n

    Can I drive while taking Xafinact?<\/h3>\n

    Most patients tolerate Xafinact without driving impairment. However, dopaminergic therapy as a whole can cause sudden-onset sleep (sleep attacks), particularly when Xafinact is added to a dopamine agonist or levodopa. Until you know how you respond, avoid driving long distances or operating heavy machinery.<\/p>\n

    Is Xafinact safe in older adults?<\/h3>\n

    Yes — safinamide is widely used in elderly Parkinson patients. Watch for postural hypotension (rise from sitting slowly), confusion, hallucinations, and impulse-control changes. Lower starting doses may be appropriate.<\/p>\n

    Can Xafinact be stopped abruptly?<\/h3>\n

    No. Sudden withdrawal of any dopaminergic agent in a Parkinson patient can precipitate a \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0437\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c<\/em> with rigidity, fever and altered consciousness. If discontinuation is needed, taper over 1–2 weeks under medical supervision.<\/p>\n

    Will Xafinact cause weight loss or weight gain?<\/h3>\n

    Neither markedly. Some patients on selegiline lose a small amount of weight (the amphetamine-like metabolites can suppress appetite slightly). Rasagiline and safinamide are weight-neutral.<\/p>\n

    How does MedsBase ship Xafinact?<\/h3>\n

    \u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0442 \u0432 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b WHO-GMP. \u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044a\u0447\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0443\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0438 \u0432 MedsBase.<\/p>\n

    \u0421\u044a\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h2>\n

    \u0421\u044a\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 (15\u201330\u00b0C \/ 59\u201386\u00b0F), \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430. \u0414\u0440\u044a\u0436\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u043b\u044a\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d \u043a\u0430\u043f\u0430\u043a. \u0414\u0440\u044a\u0436\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u044a\u043d \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0446\u0430. \u041d\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u0438\u0437\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430.<\/p>\n

    \u041c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0435<\/h2>\n

    \u0422\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043b \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0440. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043d \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0433\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0438. \u041e\u0431\u0441\u044a\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438\u044f \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e. \u041d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0438\u044f \u2014 \u0440\u044f\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0437\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    \u0421\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0430\u043b\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438<\/h3>\n

    \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0425\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong> \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442:<\/p>\n