BAC Water (Bakteriostatick\u00e1 voda)<\/strong><\/a> \u2014 30 mL multid\u00e1vkov\u00fdm vialem, 0,9% benzylalkoholem konzervovan\u00fdm, USP-grade.<\/div>\nSkladov\u00e1n\u00ed a rekonstituce<\/h2>\n
P\u0159ed rekonstituci:<\/strong> lyofilizovan\u00e9 lahvi\u010dky skladujte v chladni\u010dce p\u0159i 2\u20138 \u00b0C v p\u016fvodn\u00edm obalu pro kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed z\u00e1soby. Pro dlouhodob\u00e9 skladov\u00e1n\u00ed zmrazte neotev\u0159en\u00e9 lahvi\u010dky p\u0159i \u221220 \u00b0C. Lyofilizovan\u00fd LL-37 je stabiln\u00ed v chladni\u010dce a\u017e 24 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f a p\u0159i \u221220 \u00b0C a\u017e 36 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. Vyhn\u011bte se cykl\u016fm zmrazov\u00e1n\u00ed a rozmrazov\u00e1n\u00ed lyofilizovan\u00e9ho pr\u00e1\u0161ku. Stejn\u011b jako v\u0161echny kationick\u00e9 AMP je LL-37 n\u00e1chyln\u00fd k adsorpci na plast<\/strong> \u2014 i mal\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty do standardn\u00edch polypropylenov\u00fdch zkumavek mohou zkreslit data d\u00e1vkov\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi. Pro skladov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1sob a s\u00e9riov\u00e9 \u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvejte n\u00edzkovazebn\u00e9 zkumavky (silikonizovan\u00e9 sklo, Protein LoBind nebo polypropylen p\u0159edem pota\u017een\u00fd bovinn\u00edm s\u00e9rov\u00fdm albuminem) v n\u00edzko-proteinov\u00fdch assay pufrech.<\/p>\nPostup rekonstituce:<\/strong> injektujte bakteriostatickou vodu po bo\u010dn\u00ed st\u011bn\u011b lahvi\u010dky (ne p\u0159\u00edmo na lyofilizovan\u00fd kol\u00e1\u010d). Pro lahvi\u010dku 5 mg, 1,0 ml bakteriostatick\u00e9 vody poskytne pracovn\u00ed koncentraci 5 mg\/ml; 2,0 ml poskytne pracovn\u00ed z\u00e1sobu 2,5 mg\/ml. Jemn\u011b zakru\u017ete \u2014 ne\u0161lehejte agresivn\u011b, proto\u017ee p\u011bn\u011bn\u00ed zachycuje vzduch a m\u016f\u017ee naru\u0161it skl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed helixu. Nechte pr\u00e1\u0161ek pln\u011b rozpustit (obvykle 1\u20132 minuty) p\u0159ed odb\u011brem. Pro aplikace citliv\u00e9 na bakteriostatick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky (experimenty s bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdmi kulturami) rekonstituujte ve steriln\u00ed vod\u011b nebo 0,01% kyselin\u011b octov\u00e9. Po rekonstituci skladujte lahvi\u010dku p\u0159i 2\u20138 \u00b0C a pou\u017eijte do 14\u201328 dn\u016f. Chra\u0148te p\u0159ed sv\u011btlem. Zlikvidujte, pokud se objev\u00ed z\u00e1kal, \u010d\u00e1stice nebo zm\u011bna barvy.<\/p>\n\u010casto kladen\u00e9 dotazy<\/h2>\nJe LL-37 tot\u00e9\u017e co katelicidin?<\/h3>\n
LL-37 je aktivn\u00ed C-termin\u00e1ln\u00ed 37-aminokyselinov\u00fd peptid uvoln\u011bn\u00fd z lidsk\u00e9ho katelicidinu (neaktivn\u00ed proforma hCAP-18, k\u00f3dovan\u00e1 genem CAMP). Katelicidin je rodov\u00e9 jm\u00e9no a odkazuje na mnoho obratlovc\u016f; LL-37 je specifick\u00e9 jm\u00e9no aktivn\u00edho lidsk\u00e9ho katelicidinov\u00e9ho peptidu. Dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1zvy, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete v literatu\u0159e vid\u011bt \u2014 CAP-18 a FALL-39 \u2014 odkazuj\u00ed na stejnou molekulu z r\u016fzn\u00fdch historick\u00fdch n\u00e1zvov\u00fdch konvenc\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Jak se LL-37 li\u0161\u00ed od defensin\u016f?<\/h3>\n
LL-37 a defensiny (\u03b1- a \u03b2-defensiny) jsou dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed skupiny sav\u010d\u00edch antimikrobi\u00e1ln\u00edch peptid\u016f. Defensiny jsou men\u0161\u00ed, bohat\u00e9 na cystein a maj\u00ed strukturu \u03b2-skl\u00e1dan\u00e9ho listu stabilizovanou 3 disulfidov\u00fdmi vazbami. LL-37 je del\u0161\u00ed line\u00e1rn\u00ed kationtov\u00fd peptid, kter\u00fd v membr\u00e1nov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed amfipatickou \u03b1-helix bez disulfidov\u00fdch m\u016fstk\u016f. Ob\u011b t\u0159\u00eddy maj\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 antimikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky a imunomodula\u010dn\u00ed funkce, ale funguj\u00ed na strukturn\u011b odli\u0161n\u00fdch mechanismech.<\/p>\n
Jak\u00e1 je typick\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 koncentrace LL-37 v antimikrobi\u00e1ln\u00edch testech?<\/h3>\n
Publikovan\u00e9 minim\u00e1ln\u00ed inhibi\u010dn\u00ed koncentrace (MIC) pro LL-37 proti citliv\u00fdm grampozitivn\u00edm a gramnegativn\u00edm patogen\u016fm se obvykle pohybuj\u00ed v rozmez\u00ed 1 a\u017e 32 \u00b5g\/ml v z\u00e1vislosti na kmeni, iontov\u00e9 s\u00edle pufru a form\u00e1tu testu (biofilm vs. planktonick\u00e9 bu\u0148ky). Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed koncentrace (50\u2013100 \u00b5g\/ml) se b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro studie p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho naru\u0161en\u00ed membr\u00e1n a testy eradikace biofilmu. Imunomodula\u010dn\u00ed parametry (chemotaxe, neutralizace LPS, migrace keratinocyt\u016f) obvykle vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed mnohem ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed koncentrace (0,5\u201310 \u00b5g\/ml). Rozsah d\u00e1vek v\u017edy ur\u010dujte na z\u00e1klad\u011b recenzovan\u00e9 literatury vhodn\u00e9 pro v\u00e1\u0161 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed protokol.<\/p>\n
Pro\u010d je adsorpce na plast d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pro LL-37?<\/h3>\n
Kationtov\u00e9 AMP jako LL-37 se mohou v\u00fdznamn\u011b adsorbovat na standardn\u00ed laboratorn\u00ed n\u00e1dob\u00ed z polypropylenu a polystyrenu, zejm\u00e9na v pufrech s n\u00edzk\u00fdm obsahem protein\u016f. V literatu\u0159e jsou pops\u00e1ny ztr\u00e1ty 30\u201380 % p\u0159i jedin\u00e9m p\u0159enosu do zkumavky u kationtov\u00fdch peptid\u016f p\u0159i n\u00edzk\u00fdch koncentrac\u00edch. To m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k systematick\u00e9mu podhodnocen\u00ed aktivity, zejm\u00e9na v \u0159edic\u00edch \u0159ad\u00e1ch pro stanoven\u00ed MIC. Pou\u017e\u00edvejte n\u00edzkovazebn\u00e9 zkumavky, p\u0159edem pota\u017een\u00e9 BSA, nebo p\u0159idejte do \u0159edic\u00edch pufr\u016f nosn\u00fd protein podle pot\u0159eby vzhledem k typu testu.<\/p>\n
Jak LL-37 rozli\u0161uje mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed a sav\u010d\u00ed membr\u00e1ny?<\/h3>\n
Selektivita vych\u00e1z\u00ed ze slo\u017een\u00ed membr\u00e1n. Mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed membr\u00e1ny (zejm\u00e9na vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed membr\u00e1ny gramnegativn\u00edch a cytoplazmatick\u00e9 membr\u00e1ny grampozitivn\u00edch bakteri\u00ed) jsou bohat\u00e9 na negativn\u011b nabit\u00e9 lipidy (fosfatidylglycerol, kardiolipin, LPS, lipoteichovou kyselinu). Sav\u010d\u00ed cytoplazmatick\u00e9 membr\u00e1ny maj\u00ed zwitteriontov\u00fd vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed list (fosfatidylcholin, sfingomyelin) a vysok\u00fd obsah cholesterolu, kter\u00fd stabilizuje dvojvrstvu. Kationtov\u00e1 strana LL-37 preferen\u010dn\u011b interaguje s negativn\u011b nabit\u00fdm povrchem mikrob\u016f; sav\u010d\u00ed membr\u00e1na stabilizovan\u00e1 cholesterolem je mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b n\u00e1chyln\u00e1 k vlo\u017een\u00ed peptidu. Selektivita je z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na koncentraci \u2013 p\u0159i velmi vysok\u00fdch lok\u00e1ln\u00edch koncentrac\u00edch m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt LL-37 cytotoxick\u00fd i pro sav\u010d\u00ed bu\u0148ky.<\/p>\n
Co je \u201cmodel me\u010de a \u0161t\u00edtu\u201d funkce LL-37?<\/h3>\n
Model popisuje koncentra\u010dn\u011b z\u00e1visl\u00e9 funk\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159ep\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed LL-37: p\u0159i n\u00edzk\u00fdch koncentrac\u00edch (20 \u00b5g\/ml) dominuje p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 membr\u00e1nov\u011b disruptivn\u00ed antimikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed aktivita. Tato dvoj\u00ed povaha je z\u00e1kladem rozmanit\u00fdch rol\u00ed LL-37 v obran\u011b hostitele a je jedn\u00edm z d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d je pe\u010dliv\u00e9 charakterizov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00e1vkov\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi nezbytn\u00e9 v jak\u00e9mkoli in-vitro nebo in-vivo v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9m kontextu.<\/p>\n
Jak\u00e1 je souvislost mezi LL-37 a psori\u00e1zou?<\/h3>\n
LL-37 je v\u00fdrazn\u011b nadm\u011brn\u011b exprimov\u00e1n v psoriatick\u00fdch ko\u017en\u00edch l\u00e9z\u00edch a siln\u011b v\u00e1\u017ee vlastn\u00ed DNA a RNA uvoln\u011bnou z po\u0161kozen\u00fdch keratinocyt\u016f. Tyto komplexy LL-37\/vlastn\u00ed nukleov\u00e9 kyseliny aktivuj\u00ed plazmacytoidn\u00ed dendritick\u00e9 bu\u0148ky p\u0159es TLR9 (DNA) a TLR7 (RNA), co\u017e vede k IFN-\u03b1 bohat\u00e9mu autoimunitn\u00edmu z\u00e1n\u011btu charakteristick\u00e9mu pro psori\u00e1zu. C\u00edlen\u00ed na osu LL-37\/pDC\/TLR je aktivn\u00ed oblast\u00ed farmakologick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu psori\u00e1zy.<\/p>\n
Pro\u010d n\u011bkter\u00e9 studie n\u00e1dor\u016f ukazuj\u00ed protin\u00e1dorov\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek a jin\u00e9 naopak podporuj\u00ed n\u00e1dor?<\/h3>\n
LL-37 m\u00e1 zdokumentovan\u00e9 kontextov\u011b z\u00e1visl\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky na n\u00e1dory. U n\u011bkter\u00fdch typ\u016f n\u00e1dor\u016f (ovari\u00e1ln\u00ed, prsn\u00ed, plicn\u00ed, kolorekt\u00e1ln\u00ed) zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 exprese LL-37 koreluje s hor\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdsledkem \u2013 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm FPRL1-zprost\u0159edkovan\u00e9ho proprolifera\u010dn\u00edho a proangiogenn\u00edho signalizace. U jin\u00fdch (\u017ealude\u010dn\u00ed, melanom v n\u011bkter\u00fdch modelech) m\u00e1 LL-37 p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd membr\u00e1nov\u011b disruptivn\u00ed cytotoxick\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek na n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky s men\u0161\u00ed protin\u00e1dorovou aktivitou. \u010cist\u00fd efekt z\u00e1vis\u00ed na typu n\u00e1doru, lok\u00e1ln\u00ed koncentraci, expresi FPRL1 a slo\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1dorov\u00e9ho mikroprost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Pro\u010d objedn\u00e1vat v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 peptidy od MedsBase:<\/strong> Lyofilizovan\u00e9 peptidy HPLC \u226599% \u00b7 COA dostupn\u00e9 na vy\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed \u00b7 Diskr\u00e9tn\u00ed teplotn\u011b stabiln\u00ed balen\u00ed \u00b7 Celosv\u011btov\u00e1 p\u0159eprava peptid\u016f \u00b7 Reshipment Assurance<\/a> na ka\u017edou objedn\u00e1vku \u00b7 1,400+ ov\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch recenz\u00ed z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f<\/a><\/div>\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u2705 Pouze lidsk\u00fd antimikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed peptid katelicidin (37 aa)
\n\u2705 Amfipatick\u00e1 \u03b1-helice; +6 \u010dist\u00fd n\u00e1boj
\n\u2705 \u0160irok\u00e9 spektrum: Gram+, Gram\u2212, obalen\u00e9 viry, biofilmy
\n\u2705 Imunomodula\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky p\u0159es FPRL1 + neutralizace LPS
\n\u2705 Studov\u00e1n v oblasti antimikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed rezistence, hojen\u00ed ran, psori\u00e1zy, onkologie<\/p>\n
LL-37<\/strong> obsahuje syntetickou peptidovou slou\u010deninu.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":71408,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[5426],"product_tag":[6465,6464,6463,5441],"class_list":{"0":"post-71392","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-peptides","7":"product_tag-cap-18","8":"product_tag-cathelicidin","9":"product_tag-ll-37","10":"product_tag-peptide","12":"first","13":"instock","14":"shipping-taxable","15":"purchasable","16":"product-type-variable","17":"has-default-attributes"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/71392","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=71392"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/71408"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=71392"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_brand?post=71392"},{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=71392"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=71392"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}