{"id":69029,"date":"2026-03-13T12:12:34","date_gmt":"2026-03-13T12:12:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/?post_type=product&#038;p=69029"},"modified":"2026-05-21T07:14:11","modified_gmt":"2026-05-21T07:14:11","slug":"ss-31-elamipretide","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/ss-31-elamipretide\/","title":{"rendered":"SS-31 (Elamipretide)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- medsbase-tldr-answer --><\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #fff8e1; border-left: 4px solid #f5a623; padding: 18px 22px; margin: 18px 0; border-radius: 4px;\">\n<h3 style=\"margin: 0 0 8px 0; font-size: 16px; color: #1a4a6b;\">Quick Answer \u2014 What is SS-31 (Elamipretide)?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin: 0;\"><strong>SS-31<\/strong> (also called <strong>Elamipretide<\/strong> of <strong>Bendavia<\/strong>) is a synthetic tetrapeptide that selectively binds <strong>cardiolipin<\/strong> on the inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilizing mitochondrial function under stress. Developed by the Szeto-Schiller lab and now in late-stage clinical development by Stealth BioTherapeutics with FDA orphan-drug designation for rare mitochondrial disease. Supplied in 5\u00a0mg to 50\u00a0mg lyophilized vials for laboratory research use only.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"medsbase-trust-strip\" style=\"background: #f4f8fb; border: 1px solid #d8e3eb; padding: 12px 16px; margin: 16px 0; border-radius: 4px; font-size: 14px;\"><strong>Wat u krijgt bij MedsBase:<\/strong> Onderzoekskwaliteit lyofiliseerde peptiden \u00b7 HPLC \u226599% zuiverheid (COA op aanvraag) \u00b7 Discrete temperatuurstabiele verpakking \u00b7 Wereldwijde peptidekoerier \u00b7 1.400+ geverifieerd <a href=\"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/reviews\/\">klantbeoordelingen<\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"medsbase-reship-line\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #444; margin: 8px 0 18px;\">\ud83d\udce6 Elke bestelling is gedekt door onze <a href=\"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/medsbase-re-shipment-assurance-policy\/\"><strong>Reshipment Assurance Policy<\/strong><\/a> \u2014 als uw pakket niet binnen 20 werkdagen arriveert, sturen wij het opnieuw.<\/p>\n<table class=\"medsbase-spec-table\" style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 18px 0; font-size: 14px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background: #2c7cb0; color: #fff;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 8px 12px; text-align: left; width: 30%;\">Specificatie<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px 12px; text-align: left;\">Detail<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"background: #f9f9f9;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0; width: 30%;\"><strong>CAS-nummer<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">736992-21-5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #fff;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0; width: 30%;\"><strong>Molecuulformule<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">C<sub>32<\/sub>H<sub>49<\/sub>N<sub>9<\/sub>O<sub>5<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f9f9f9;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0; width: 30%;\"><strong>Moleculair gewicht<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">639.80 Da<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #fff;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0; width: 30%;\"><strong>Sequentie<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">D-Arg-2\u2032,6\u2032-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH<sub>2<\/sub> (Bendavia, MTP-131)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f9f9f9;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0; width: 30%;\"><strong>Form<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">Lyofiliseerd poeder (of zoals geleverd)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #fff;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0; width: 30%;\"><strong>Zuiverheid<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\u226599% (HPLC geverifieerd, COA op aanvraag)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f9f9f9;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0; width: 30%;\"><strong>Opslag<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">Lyofiliseerd: 2\u20138 \u00b0C (koelkast) voor werkvoorraad; \u221220 \u00b0C voor langdurige opslag van ongeopende flesjes. Gereconstitueerd: 2\u20138 \u00b0C, gebruik binnen ~30 dagen. Bescherm tegen licht. Vries de gereconstitueerde oplossing niet in en ontdooi deze niet.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #fff;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0; width: 30%;\"><strong>Oplosbaarheid<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">Bacteriostatisch water (aanbevolen) of steriel water voor kortere gebruiksperioden<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f9f9f9;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0; width: 30%;\"><strong>Onderzoeksgebruik<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">Alleen voor laboratoriumonderzoek. Niet voor humaan of veterinair diagnostisch of therapeutisch gebruik.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- \/medsbase-tldr-answer --><\/p>\n<h2>What Is SS-31 (Elamipretide)?<\/h2>\n<p><strong>SS-31<\/strong> is a synthetic cell-permeable tetrapeptide (D-Arg-2&#8217;6&#8242;-dimethyl-L-Tyr-L-Lys-L-Phe, also abbreviated <strong>Szeto-Schiller 31<\/strong>) developed by Hazel Szeto and Peter Schiller at Cornell&#8217;s Weill Medical College starting in the 1990s. It is also known by its pharmaceutical-development names <strong>Elamipretide<\/strong> en <strong>Bendavia<\/strong>, and is being developed clinically by <strong>Stealth BioTherapeutics<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Unlike most research peptides that bind cell-surface receptors, SS-31 is a <strong>mitochondria-targeted agent<\/strong> that crosses cell and organelle membranes to reach the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it binds <strong>cardiolipin<\/strong> \u2014 a phospholipid unique to that location. This selective lipid binding underpins its mechanism of action and distinguishes SS-31 from virtually every other research peptide.<\/p>\n<p>Molecular weight approximately 640\u00a0Da. SS-31 has <strong>FDA orphan-drug designation<\/strong> for primary mitochondrial myopathy and has been the subject of multiple human clinical trials \u2014 placing it further along the clinical development pipeline than most research peptides. It is supplied here as a high-purity lyophilized powder <strong>uitsluitend voor laboratoriumonderzoek<\/strong> (Stealth&#8217;s clinical product is a separate regulated therapeutic). For deeper mechanism, Szeto lab research history, and clinical-trial context, see our <a href=\"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/ss-31-elamipretide-mitochondrial-guide\/\">SS-31 research guide<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Mechanism of Action \u2014 Cardiolipin-Targeted Mitochondrial Stabilization<\/h2>\n<p>SS-31&#8217;s mechanism is unique among research peptides because its target is a phospholipid, not a receptor protein. Three interconnected effects define its pharmacology:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Cardiolipin binding<\/strong> \u2014 SS-31 selectively binds cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Cardiolipin is a signature lipid found almost exclusively at this location and is essential for the architecture of the cristae (the folded inner-membrane surface where electron-transport-chain complexes cluster). SS-31 binding <strong>stabilizes cristae morphology<\/strong> during stress that would otherwise cause cristae disruption and mitochondrial dysfunction.<\/li>\n<li><strong>ROS reduction and ETC preservation<\/strong> \u2014 by preserving cristae architecture, SS-31 maintains the proper organization of electron-transport-chain complexes, preserving ATP synthesis and reducing electron &#8220;leakage&#8221; that generates reactive oxygen species. In ischemia-reperfusion research models, this translates to reduced oxidative damage and preserved mitochondrial function.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Prevention of cytochrome c release<\/strong> \u2014 mitochondrial apoptosis begins with cytochrome c release from the inner membrane space into the cytoplasm. By preserving cristae structure, SS-31 preserves cytochrome c localization and blocks a critical apoptotic trigger. This is central to its cardiac ischemia-reperfusion research signal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The practical research implication: SS-31 is the reference mitochondria-targeted research peptide. Where other peptides act at cell-surface receptors, SS-31 acts inside the organelle, preserving mitochondrial function in research models of metabolic stress, ischemia, and aging.<\/p>\n<h2>Gepubliceerde onderzoeksapplicaties<\/h2>\n<p>SS-31 is used in laboratory research contexts that investigate:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Primary mitochondrial disease research<\/strong> \u2014 rare mitochondrial myopathy research including Barth syndrome; SS-31 has FDA orphan-drug designation for this indication<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cardiac research<\/strong> \u2014 heart failure, ischemia-reperfusion, cardiomyopathy, and cardiotoxicity rescue research (Szeto, AAPS J 2014)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Renal research<\/strong> \u2014 acute kidney injury, ischemia-reperfusion, and chronic kidney disease research (Birk et al., J Am Soc Nephrol 2013)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Aging research<\/strong> \u2014 age-related mitochondrial dysfunction, skeletal-muscle aging (sarcopenia), and general cellular-aging markers<\/li>\n<li><strong>Onderzoek naar neuroprotectie<\/strong> \u2014 ischemic-stroke and neurodegeneration research where mitochondrial dysfunction is a driver<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sarcopenia research<\/strong> \u2014 skeletal-muscle mitochondrial function and age-related muscle loss research<\/li>\n<li><strong>Comparative mitochondrial-agent research<\/strong> \u2014 side-by-side with <a href=\"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/nad\/\">NAD+<\/a> (mitochondrial coenzyme) and MitoQ (another mitochondria-targeted antioxidant) to isolate mechanism<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For broader context on longevity and mitochondrial-research compounds see the <a href=\"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/peptides\/\">onderzoekspeptiden catalogus<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Beschikbare sterktes en concentraties<\/h2>\n<p>MedsBase stocks SS-31 (Elamipretide) in the following lyophilized vial sizes:<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 16px 0;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background: #2c7cb0; color: #fff;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd; text-align: left;\">Vulsterkte<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd; text-align: left;\">Typisch gebruik<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd; text-align: left;\">Verpakkingsgroottes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>5 mg<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Short research protocols, low-dose rodent work<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">10 of 20 flesjes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f9f9f9;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>10 mg<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Standard research strength, extended rodent studies<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">10 of 20 flesjes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>50 mg<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Large-scale research, clinical-trial-matched doses (40 mg\/day), lowest per-mg cost<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">10 of 20 flesjes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The 50\u00a0mg vial size matches the clinical-trial 40 mg\/day dose used in Stealth BioTherapeutics&#8217;s human research. Preclinical rodent research typically uses smaller vials matched to 1\u20135 mg\/kg body weight. All strengths are supplied as lyophilized powder at 99%+ HPLC purity.<\/p>\n<h2>How It Compares \u2014 SS-31 vs Other Mitochondrial \/ Longevity Compounds<\/h2>\n<p>SS-31 is part of a small but growing class of mitochondria-targeted research agents. Key comparisons:<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 16px 0;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background: #2c7cb0; color: #fff;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd; text-align: left;\">Criterium<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd; text-align: left;\">SS-31 (Elamipretide)<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd; text-align: left;\">NAD+<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd; text-align: left;\">Epitalon<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>Primary target<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Cardiolipin (inner mitochondrial membrane lipid)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Sirtuins, PARP enzymes, ETC<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Gene expression, pineal signaling<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f9f9f9;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>Mechanistic evidence<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Strong (multiple labs, clinical trials)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Very strong (well-characterised biochemistry)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Narrow group (Khavinson)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>Clinical status<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">FDA orphan-drug, Phase 3 (Barth syndrome)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Not approved (IV-therapy use)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Not approved<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f9f9f9;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>Sterkste onderzoekssignaal<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Cardiac ischemia, renal, sarcopenia<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Longevity, energy, DNA repair<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Telomere, circadian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>Typische onderzoeksdosis<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">5\u201340 mg daily (clinical); 1\u20135 mg\/kg (preclinical)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">50\u2013100 mg daily<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">5\u201310 mg SC daily<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>SS-31 is distinct because it is the only research peptide targeting a mitochondrial lipid directly. Researchers often study it alongside <a href=\"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/nad\/\">NAD+<\/a> (for complementary sirtuin-pathway coverage) and <a href=\"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/epitalon\/\">Epitalon<\/a> in multi-pathway longevity research protocols.<\/p>\n<h2>Opslag en Reconstituering<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Voor reconstituering:<\/strong> store lyophilized vials refrigerated at 2\u20138\u00a0\u00b0C in original packaging, stable up to 36 months. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles on the powder.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Reconstitueringsprocedure:<\/strong> inject bacteriostatic water down the side wall of the peptide vial per the chart above. Swirl gently \u2014 do <strong>niet<\/strong> shake \u2014 and allow 5\u201310 minutes for full dissolution. Solution should be clear and colourless.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Na reconstitutie:<\/strong> store refrigerated at 2\u20138\u00a0\u00b0C and use within 30 days. Do not freeze reconstituted solution.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"faqs\">Veelgestelde vragen<\/h2>\n<h3>What is SS-31 used for in research?<\/h3>\n<p>SS-31 (Elamipretide) is used in laboratory research investigating mitochondrial disease (including Barth syndrome), cardiac ischemia-reperfusion, heart failure, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, age-related mitochondrial dysfunction, sarcopenia, and neuroprotection. It has FDA orphan-drug designation but is <strong>niet<\/strong> yet FDA-approved for therapeutic use. Sold here strictly for laboratory research use only.<\/p>\n<h3>How is SS-31 different from other research peptides?<\/h3>\n<p>SS-31 is unique because its target is <strong>cardiolipin<\/strong> \u2014 a phospholipid on the inner mitochondrial membrane \u2014 not a cell-surface receptor. It is cell-permeable and reaches the mitochondrial matrix to stabilize cristae architecture and preserve electron-transport-chain function. Virtually every other research peptide binds receptors on the cell surface.<\/p>\n<h3>What is the typical SS-31 research dose?<\/h3>\n<p>Stealth BioTherapeutics&#8217; clinical trials have used 40\u00a0mg SC daily. Preclinical rodent research typically uses 1\u20135\u00a0mg\/kg body weight daily. A 10\u00a0mg vial reconstituted with 2.0\u00a0mL bacteriostatic water yields 5.0\u00a0mg\/mL \u2014 100 ticks on a U-100 syringe delivers 5\u00a0mg.<\/p>\n<h3>Is SS-31 FDA approved?<\/h3>\n<p>SS-31 (Elamipretide) has FDA orphan-drug designation for primary mitochondrial myopathy and is in late-stage clinical development by Stealth BioTherapeutics. It is <strong>niet<\/strong> yet fully FDA-approved. All SS-31 sold by research-use-only suppliers is for laboratory investigation, not the clinical-trial therapeutic product.<\/p>\n<h3>What does the &#8220;SS-31&#8221; abbreviation mean?<\/h3>\n<p>SS-31 stands for <strong>Szeto-Schiller compound 31<\/strong>, after the Cornell researchers Hazel Szeto and Peter Schiller who developed the SS-series of mitochondria-targeted peptides in the 1990s and 2000s. The &#8220;31&#8221; is simply the compound number in their synthesis series. The compound was later licensed to Stealth BioTherapeutics and renamed Elamipretide (and Bendavia) for clinical development.<\/p>\n<h3>How should SS-31 be stored?<\/h3>\n<p>Lyophilized vials: refrigerated at 2\u20138\u00a0\u00b0C in original packaging, stable up to 36 months. Reconstituted solution: refrigerated at 2\u20138\u00a0\u00b0C, use within 30 days. Do not freeze reconstituted solution.<\/p>\n<h3>How do I reconstitute SS-31?<\/h3>\n<p>Follow the reconstitution chart above. Add bacteriostatic water down the side wall of the vial, swirl gently, and allow 5\u201310 minutes for full dissolution. Do <strong>niet<\/strong> schudden.<\/p>\n<h3>Can SS-31 be stacked with NAD+ in research?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes \u2014 this is a common multi-pathway mitochondrial research combination. SS-31 stabilizes cristae architecture and cardiolipin-dependent ETC function; <a href=\"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/nad\/\">NAD+<\/a> provides coenzyme substrate for the electron-transport chain and downstream sirtuin\/PARP signaling. The mechanisms are complementary and non-overlapping.<\/p>\n<h3>Welke sterktes heeft MedsBase op voorraad?<\/h3>\n<p>MedsBase carries SS-31 (Elamipretide) in 5\u00a0mg, 10\u00a0mg, and 50\u00a0mg lyophilized vials. Each strength is available in 10-vial or 20-vial pack sizes. All vials are supplied at 99%+ HPLC purity with a certificate of analysis on request.<\/p>\n<h3>Does SS-31 cause side effects in research?<\/h3>\n<p>Published preclinical and clinical-trial research has reported a favorable safety profile. Most commonly reported effects in the clinical-trial literature are injection-site reactions. Because SS-31 has been studied in multiple human trials (Phase 2 and Phase 3), its safety profile is better-characterised than most research peptides.<\/p>\n<h3>Is SS-31 the same as Bendavia or Elamipretide?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes. The same compound carries three names: <strong>SS-31<\/strong> (original Szeto-Schiller research designation), <strong>Bendavia<\/strong> (Stealth BioTherapeutics early development name), and <strong>Elamipretide<\/strong> (international nonproprietary name \/ INN). Research literature uses SS-31 predominantly; clinical-trial literature uses Elamipretide or Bendavia.<\/p>\n<h3>What is the half-life of SS-31?<\/h3>\n<p>SS-31 (elamipretide) has a short plasma half-life of approximately 30\u201360 minutes following subcutaneous administration, but demonstrates prolonged mitochondrial accumulation due to its affinity for cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Tissue half-life in mitochondria-rich organs such as cardiac and skeletal muscle is estimated at several hours beyond plasma clearance.<\/p>\n<h3>How does SS-31 target mitochondria specifically?<\/h3>\n<p>SS-31 is a Szeto-Schiller peptide with an alternating aromatic-cationic structure (D-Arg-dimethyl-Tyr-Lys-Phe-NH\u2082). This sequence drives accumulation in the inner mitochondrial membrane approximately 1,000-fold above cytoplasmic levels, mediated by electrostatic attraction to the negatively charged cardiolipin phospholipid. Cardiolipin binding stabilises electron transport chain complexes and reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.<\/p>\n<h3>Can I order SS-31 for international shipping?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes. MedsBase ships SS-31 worldwide from our dedicated peptide shipping network. Peptide-only orders qualify for our standalone peptide shipping service. Orders ship in temperature-controlled packaging with full tracking.<\/p>\n<p><!-- medsbase-related-alts-v1 --><\/p>\n<h2>Andere Peptiden voor Herstel- en Prestatieonderzoek<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"\/nl\/bpc-157\/\"><strong>BPC-157<\/strong><\/a> \u2014 Body Protection Compound \u2014 onderzoek naar pees-, ligament- en darmherstel<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/nl\/tb-500\/\"><strong>TB-500<\/strong><\/a> \u2014 Thymosine Beta-4 fragment \u2014 onderzoek naar zacht weefsel en vasculair herstel<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/nl\/ipamorelin\/\"><strong>Ipamorelin<\/strong><\/a> \u2014 Selectieve ghreline-agonist \u2014 schone GH-puls zonder cortisol\/prolactine<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/nl\/cjc-1295-with-dac\/\"><strong>CJC-1295 met DAC<\/strong><\/a> \u2014 GHRH-analoog met verlengde halfwaardetijd<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/nl\/ghk-cu\/\"><strong>GHK-Cu<\/strong><\/a> \u2014 Koperpeptide \u2014 onderzoek naar huid- en bindweefselregeneratie<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- medsbase-peptide-guide-cta --><\/p>\n<h2>Verder lezen<\/h2>\n<div style=\"background: #f4f8fb; border-left: 4px solid #2c7cb0; padding: 18px 22px; margin: 18px 0; border-radius: 4px;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 8px 0;\"><strong>\ud83d\udcd6 Lees het onderzoek achter dit peptide<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0;\">Lees onze volledige evidence-based gids: <a href=\"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/ss-31-elamipretide-mitochondrial-guide\/\"><strong>SS-31 (Elamipretide) \u2014 cardiolipin targeting, mitochondrial research &amp; clinical trials<\/strong><\/a>. Covers Szeto-Schiller mechanism research, Stealth BioTherapeutics clinical development, cardiac\/renal\/neurological applications, and realistic research context.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- pep-seo-v1 --><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u2705 Verbetert de cellulaire energie<br \/>\n\u2705 Ondersteunt mitochondriale functie<br \/>\n\u2705 Reduces oxidative stress<br \/>\n\u2705 Improves tissue resilience<br \/>\n\u2705 Promotes metabolic efficiency<\/p>\n<p><strong>SS-31<\/strong> bevat synthetisch peptideverbinding.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":70982,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[5426],"product_tag":[5476,5475],"class_list":{"0":"post-69029","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-peptides","7":"product_tag-elamipretide","8":"product_tag-ss-31","10":"first","11":"instock","12":"shipping-taxable","13":"purchasable","14":"product-type-variable","15":"has-default-attributes"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/69029","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=69029"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/70982"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=69029"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_brand?post=69029"},{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=69029"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=69029"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}