{"id":70664,"date":"2026-05-12T08:56:17","date_gmt":"2026-05-12T08:56:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/?post_type=product&#038;p=70664"},"modified":"2026-05-21T07:14:10","modified_gmt":"2026-05-21T07:14:10","slug":"mots-c","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/mots-c\/","title":{"rendered":"MOTS-c"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- medsbase-tldr-answer --><\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #fff8e1; border-left: 4px solid #f5a623; padding: 18px 22px; margin: 18px 0; border-radius: 4px;\">\n<h3 style=\"margin: 0 0 8px 0; font-size: 16px; color: #1a4a6b;\">Quick Answer \u2014 What is MOTS-c?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin: 0;\"><strong>MOTS-c<\/strong> (Mitochondrial Open Reading frame of the Twelve S rRNA-c) is a 16-amino-acid mitochondrially-encoded signaling peptide first identified in 2015. In published preclinical research it acts as an exercise-mimetic and metabolic regulator by activating the AMPK pathway, restoring insulin sensitivity, and modulating nuclear gene expression in response to mitochondrial stress. Supplied in 10\u00a0mg to 40\u00a0mg lyophilized vials for laboratory research use only.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"medsbase-trust-strip\" style=\"background: #f4f8fb; border: 1px solid #d8e3eb; padding: 12px 16px; margin: 16px 0; border-radius: 4px; font-size: 14px;\"><strong>Wat u krijgt bij MedsBase:<\/strong> Onderzoekskwaliteit lyofiliseerde peptiden \u00b7 HPLC \u226599% zuiverheid (COA op aanvraag) \u00b7 Discrete temperatuurstabiele verpakking \u00b7 Wereldwijde peptidekoerier \u00b7 1.400+ geverifieerd <a href=\"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/reviews\/\">klantbeoordelingen<\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"medsbase-reship-line\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #444; margin: 8px 0 18px;\">\ud83d\udce6 Elke bestelling is gedekt door onze <a href=\"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/medsbase-re-shipment-assurance-policy\/\"><strong>Reshipment Assurance Policy<\/strong><\/a> \u2014 als uw pakket niet binnen 20 werkdagen arriveert, sturen wij het opnieuw.<\/p>\n<table class=\"medsbase-spec-table\" style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 18px 0; font-size: 14px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background: #2c7cb0; color: #fff;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 8px 12px; text-align: left; width: 30%;\">Specificatie<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px 12px; text-align: left;\">Detail<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"background: #f9f9f9;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0; width: 30%;\"><strong>CAS-nummer<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">1627580-64-6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #fff;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0; width: 30%;\"><strong>Molecuulformule<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">C<sub>100<\/sub>H<sub>152<\/sub>N<sub>28<\/sub>O<sub>22<\/sub>S<sub>2<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f9f9f9;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0; width: 30%;\"><strong>Moleculair gewicht<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">2174.62 Da<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #fff;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0; width: 30%;\"><strong>Sequentie<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">Met-Arg-Trp-Gln-Glu-Met-Gly-Tyr-Ile-Phe-Tyr-Pro-Arg-Lys-Leu-Arg (MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR, 16 amino acids; encoded within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f9f9f9;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0; width: 30%;\"><strong>Form<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">Lyofiliseerd poeder (wit tot off-white)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #fff;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0; width: 30%;\"><strong>Zuiverheid<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\u226599% (HPLC geverifieerd, COA op aanvraag)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f9f9f9;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0; width: 30%;\"><strong>Opslag<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">Lyofiliseerd: 2\u20138 \u00b0C (koelkast) voor werkvoorraad; \u221220 \u00b0C voor langdurige opslag van ongeopende flesjes. Gereconstitueerd: 2\u20138 \u00b0C, gebruik binnen ~30 dagen. Bescherm tegen licht. Vries de gereconstitueerde oplossing niet in en ontdooi deze niet.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #fff;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0; width: 30%;\"><strong>Oplosbaarheid<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">Bacteriostatisch water (aanbevolen) of steriel water voor kortere gebruiksperioden<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f9f9f9;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0; width: 30%;\"><strong>Onderzoeksgebruik<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">Alleen voor laboratoriumonderzoek. Niet voor humaan of veterinair diagnostisch of therapeutisch gebruik.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- \/medsbase-tldr-answer --><\/p>\n<h2>What Is MOTS-c?<\/h2>\n<p><strong>MOTS-c<\/strong> (Mitochondrial Open Reading frame of the Twelve S rRNA-c) is a 16-amino-acid peptide first identified by Lee et al. in <em>Cell Metabolism<\/em> (2015) as a member of the newly recognised class of mitochondrially-derived peptides (MDPs). Unlike every other peptide in the research catalog \u2014 which are encoded by nuclear DNA and synthesised in the cytoplasm \u2014 MOTS-c is encoded within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene and translated by mitochondrial ribosomes. This unusual biological origin makes it a direct intracellular signal of mitochondrial state, and the most-cited member of a peptide class that includes humanin and the SHLP family.<\/p>\n<p>The peptide sequence is MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR, molecular weight approximately 2,175\u00a0Da, empirical formula C<sub>100<\/sub>H<sub>152<\/sub>N<sub>28<\/sub>O<sub>22<\/sub>S<sub>2<\/sub>. Endogenous MOTS-c shifts from mitochondria to nucleus under metabolic and oxidative stress, where it regulates a folate-cycle \/ methionine-metabolism gene programme \u2014 a mechanism with no parallel among nuclear-encoded peptides. MOTS-c is supplied as a high-purity lyophilized powder for reconstitution with bacteriostatic water and is <strong>uitsluitend voor laboratoriumonderzoek<\/strong>. It is not approved by the FDA, EMA, or MHRA for human or veterinary therapeutic use. For related metabolic and longevity peptides, see our full <a href=\"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/peptides\/\">onderzoekspeptiden catalogus<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Mechanism of Action \u2014 AMPK, Glucose Metabolism, and Nuclear Translocation<\/h2>\n<p>What differentiates MOTS-c from older metabolic peptides is its <strong>tri-modal mechanism of action<\/strong> that spans the mitochondrion, the cytoplasm, and the nucleus \u2014 each contributing to the observed metabolic phenotype in published research:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>AMPK pathway activation<\/strong> \u2014 MOTS-c activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the master cellular energy sensor, by raising the intracellular AMP:ATP ratio and through a folate-cycle-dependent mechanism. AMPK activation shifts cellular metabolism toward catabolism: increased glucose uptake via GLUT4 translocation, fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial biogenesis through PGC-1\u03b1, and autophagy. This is the same pathway targeted by metformin and exercise, which has earned MOTS-c the description &#8220;exercise-mimetic peptide&#8221; in the published literature.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Insulin sensitivity and glucose disposal<\/strong> \u2014 In high-fat-diet rodent models, MOTS-c administration restores insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. The effect is independent of body-weight change in some research designs, suggesting a direct insulin-sensitising mechanism rather than secondary to weight loss. MOTS-c-treated obese mice show normalised oral glucose tolerance and improved euglycaemic-clamp parameters in published research.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nuclear translocation and adaptive gene expression<\/strong> \u2014 Under metabolic or oxidative stress, MOTS-c translocates from mitochondria to the nucleus where it co-regulates a transcriptional programme centred on antioxidant response (NRF2), the folate-methionine cycle, and adaptive metabolic genes. This mitochondrial-to-nuclear retrograde signalling is one of the first peptide-level examples of intracellular cross-compartment communication and is the basis for MOTS-c&#8217;s broader effects beyond direct AMPK activation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The biological appeal of MOTS-c in metabolic research is the convergence of these three mechanisms onto pathways already known to mediate the benefits of exercise and caloric restriction. Because endogenous MOTS-c declines markedly with age in human serum (~50% reduction across adult lifespan in published cohorts), the peptide has become a frequent target in aging and longevity research as well as in metabolic syndrome.<\/p>\n<h2>Gepubliceerde onderzoeksapplicaties<\/h2>\n<p>MOTS-c is used in laboratory research contexts that investigate:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Metabolic syndrome and obesity research<\/strong> \u2014 insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, body composition in high-fat-diet rodent models; benchmark peptide for AMPK-axis intervention research (Lee et al., Cell Metabolism 2015; Reynolds et al., Front Physiol 2021)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Type 2 diabetes preclinical models<\/strong> \u2014 db\/db, ZDF, and streptozotocin-induced diabetes models; effects on hepatic insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function, and HbA1c surrogates<\/li>\n<li><strong>Exercise capacity and mitochondrial biogenesis<\/strong> \u2014 treadmill endurance, VO<sub>2<\/sub>max surrogates, PGC-1\u03b1 expression, mitochondrial DNA copy number in skeletal muscle research<\/li>\n<li><strong>Aging and longevity research<\/strong> \u2014 lifespan extension models, age-related insulin resistance, sarcopenia; MOTS-c serum levels decline with age, making it a candidate replacement peptide in geroscience research<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cardiovascular and renal protection<\/strong> \u2014 ischaemia-reperfusion injury, oxidative stress markers, mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac and renal tissue research models<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bone health research<\/strong> \u2014 osteoblast differentiation, bone mineral density, age-related osteoporosis models<\/li>\n<li><strong>Comparative mitochondrial peptide research<\/strong> \u2014 benchmarking against other mitochondrial-targeted peptides such as <a href=\"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/ss-31-elamipretide\/\">SS-31 (Elamipretide)<\/a>. See the comparison section below for a methodological side-by-side.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For broader context on where MOTS-c fits within the metabolic and longevity peptide landscape, see <a href=\"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/ss-31-elamipretide\/\">SS-31 (Elamipretide)<\/a> as the canonical cardiolipin-targeted mitochondrial peptide, <a href=\"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/epitalon\/\">Epitalon<\/a> for telomere\/longevity research, and <a href=\"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/nad\/\">NAD+<\/a> for NAD-axis metabolic research. Browse the full <a href=\"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/peptides\/\">onderzoekspeptiden catalogus<\/a> voor gerelateerde verbindingen.<\/p>\n<h2>Beschikbare sterktes en concentraties<\/h2>\n<p>MedsBase stocks MOTS-c in three lyophilized vial sizes calibrated to typical research protocol lengths. Each strength is available in 10-vial or 20-vial pack formats with full reconstitution guidance:<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 16px 0;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background: #2c7cb0; color: #fff;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd; text-align: left;\">Vulsterkte<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd; text-align: left;\">Typisch Onderzoeksgebruik<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd; text-align: left;\">Verpakkingsgroottes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>10 mg<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Standard research strength, short-cycle protocols<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">10 of 20 flesjes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f9f9f9;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>20 mg<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Mid-range bulk vial, reduced reconstitution volume per dose<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">10 of 20 flesjes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>40 mg<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Extended-cycle protocols, longevity research, lowest per-mg cost<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">10 of 20 flesjes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>All three strengths are the same chemical form (lyophilized powder, 99%+ HPLC purity). Higher-mg vials yield greater per-vial dose flexibility and lower per-mg cost; the trade-off is that reconstituted solution must be used within 30 days, so multi-month protocols benefit from larger vials only when the per-week research dose is correspondingly high.<\/p>\n<h2>How It Compares \u2014 MOTS-c vs SS-31 (Elamipretide)<\/h2>\n<p>MOTS-c and <a href=\"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/ss-31-elamipretide\/\">SS-31<\/a> are the two most-cited mitochondrially-targeted peptides in current research. They are mechanistically distinct and complementary, not redundant: MOTS-c is a signalling peptide that activates AMPK and nuclear-encoded adaptive programmes, while SS-31 is a structural peptide that binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane to stabilise the electron transport chain. Researchers often pair them in mitochondrial-dysfunction models for this reason.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 16px 0;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background: #2c7cb0; color: #fff;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd; text-align: left;\">Criterium<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd; text-align: left;\">MOTS-c<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd; text-align: left;\">SS-31 (Elamipretide)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>Length<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">16 amino acids<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">4 amino acids (tetrapeptide)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f9f9f9;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>Origin<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Mitochondrial DNA-encoded (12S rRNA gene)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Synthetic Szeto-Schiller peptide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>Primary mechanism<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">AMPK activation, nuclear gene expression<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Cardiolipin binding, ETC stabilisation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f9f9f9;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>Cellular target<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Mitochondrion \u2192 cytoplasm \u2192 nucleus<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Inner mitochondrial membrane only<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>Typische onderzoeksdosis<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">5\u201315\u00a0mg, 1\u20133x weekly<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">2\u20135\u00a0mg, daily<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f9f9f9;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>Sterkste onderzoekssignaal<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Insulin sensitivity, exercise capacity, aging<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Cardiac ischaemia, renal mitochondrial dysfunction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>Stacking<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Frequently co-administered with SS-31 in mitochondrial research<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Frequently co-administered with MOTS-c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The two peptides act on different layers of mitochondrial biology \u2014 MOTS-c regulates metabolic transcription, SS-31 stabilises membrane architecture \u2014 so they address non-overlapping research questions. For metabolic\/insulin-sensitivity research, MOTS-c is the default first choice. For cardiac, renal, or ischaemia-reperfusion mitochondrial protection, SS-31 is the canonical comparator.<\/p>\n<h2>Opslag en Reconstituering<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Voor reconstituering:<\/strong> store lyophilized vials refrigerated at 2\u20138\u00a0\u00b0C in original packaging for short-term working stock. For unopened long-term storage, freeze at \u221220\u00a0\u00b0C. Lyophilized MOTS-c is stable under refrigeration for up to 24 months and at \u221220\u00a0\u00b0C for up to 36 months. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles on the lyophilized powder.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Reconstitueringsprocedure:<\/strong> Spuit bacteriostatisch water langs de zijkant van het peptideflesje (niet direct op de lyofiliseerde cake). Voor een flesje van 10 mg levert 2,0 ml bacteriostatisch water een werkconcentratie van 5 mg\/ml op \u2014 10 streepjes op een U-100-insulinespuit komt overeen met 500 mcg. Draai voorzichtig \u2014 schud niet \u2014 en laat 2\u20135 minuten staan voor volledige oplossing. Een correct gereconstitueerde oplossing moet helder en kleurloos zijn. <strong>niet<\/strong> Bewaar gekoeld bij 2\u20138 \u00b0C en gebruik binnen 30 dagen voor optimale stabiliteit. Vries de gereconstitueerde oplossing niet in \u2014 vries-ontdooicycli tasten de peptide-integriteit aan. Gooi elk flesje weg dat troebelheid, neerslag of verkleuring vertoont. Omdat tirzepatide in onderzoeksprotocollen eenmaal per week wordt toegediend, ondersteunt een enkel gereconstitueerd 10 mg-flesje doorgaans 2\u20134 weken dosering, afhankelijk van de doeldosis; een 50 mg-flesje ondersteunt 10\u201320 weken bij klinisch equivalente doseringen.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Na reconstitutie:<\/strong> store refrigerated at 2\u20138\u00a0\u00b0C and use within 30 days for optimal stability. Do not freeze the reconstituted solution \u2014 freeze-thaw cycles degrade peptide integrity. Discard any vial showing cloudiness, precipitate, or discolouration. Because MOTS-c is typically dosed 1\u20133 times weekly in research protocols, a single reconstituted 10\u00a0mg vial typically supports 2\u20133 weeks of dosing depending on the target dose and frequency.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"faqs\">Veelgestelde vragen<\/h2>\n<h3>What is MOTS-c used for in research?<\/h3>\n<p>MOTS-c is used in laboratory research investigating insulin sensitivity, type 2 diabetes models, exercise capacity, mitochondrial biogenesis, aging and longevity, cardiovascular ischaemia-reperfusion injury, renal mitochondrial dysfunction, and bone health. It is the most-cited mitochondrially-encoded signalling peptide in the published literature and serves as a benchmark for AMPK-axis interventions. MOTS-c is <strong>niet<\/strong> FDA-approved and is supplied here strictly for laboratory research use only.<\/p>\n<h3>How is MOTS-c different from SS-31 (Elamipretide)?<\/h3>\n<p>MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid signalling peptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA that activates AMPK and regulates nuclear gene expression. SS-31 is a 4-amino-acid synthetic Szeto-Schiller peptide that binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane to stabilise the electron transport chain. The two address different layers of mitochondrial biology \u2014 MOTS-c at the metabolic-transcription level, SS-31 at the membrane-architecture level \u2014 and are frequently co-administered in mitochondrial-dysfunction research.<\/p>\n<h3>What is the typical MOTS-c research dose?<\/h3>\n<p>Published preclinical protocols typically use 5\u201315\u00a0mg per administration in rodent models, given 1\u20133 times weekly for 4\u201312 week cycles. A 10\u00a0mg vial reconstituted with 2.0\u00a0mL bacteriostatic water yields 5\u00a0mg\/mL \u2014 10 ticks on a U-100 syringe equals 500\u00a0mcg.<\/p>\n<h3>Is MOTS-c FDA approved?<\/h3>\n<p>No. MOTS-c is not approved by the FDA, EMA, MHRA, or any other regulator for human therapeutic use. All MOTS-c sold by research-use-only suppliers is for laboratory investigation and should not be administered to humans or animals.<\/p>\n<h3>How should MOTS-c be stored?<\/h3>\n<p>Gevriesdroogde flesjes: gekoeld bewaren bij 2\u20138 \u00b0C voor kortdurende werkvoorraad, of bij \u221220 \u00b0C voor langdurige opslag van ongeopende flesjes. Gereconstitueerde oplossing: gekoeld bewaren bij 2\u20138 \u00b0C, binnen 30 dagen gebruiken. Bevries de gereconstitueerde oplossing niet \u2014 vries-ontdooicycli degraderen het peptide. Bescherm te allen tijde tegen direct licht.<\/p>\n<h3>How do I reconstitute MOTS-c?<\/h3>\n<p>Volg de hierboven beschreven reconstitutieprocedure. Voeg bacteriostatisch water toe langs de zijkant van het flesje (niet rechtstreeks op het gevriesdroogde poeder), draai voorzichtig en laat 2\u20135 minuten staan voor volledige oplossing. Schud <strong>niet<\/strong> het flesje niet. Een correct gereconstitueerde oplossing is helder en kleurloos. Voor een flesje van 10 mg + 2,0 mL oplosmiddel is de werkconcentratie 5 mg\/mL.<\/p>\n<h3>Welke sterktes heeft MedsBase op voorraad?<\/h3>\n<p>MedsBase carries MOTS-c in 10\u00a0mg, 20\u00a0mg, and 40\u00a0mg lyophilized vials. Each strength is available in 10-vial or 20-vial pack sizes. All vials are supplied at 99%+ HPLC purity with a certificate of analysis available on request.<\/p>\n<h3>Why is MOTS-c called an &#8220;exercise-mimetic&#8221; peptide?<\/h3>\n<p>The term derives from MOTS-c&#8217;s activation of AMPK and downstream effects on glucose uptake, fatty acid oxidation, and mitochondrial biogenesis \u2014 the same intracellular pathway responsible for many of the metabolic adaptations to exercise. In published research, MOTS-c administration replicates several phenotypes of exercise training in sedentary animals: improved insulin sensitivity, increased treadmill endurance, and elevated PGC-1\u03b1 expression in skeletal muscle. The metaphor is widely used in geroscience and metabolic-syndrome literature.<\/p>\n<h3>Can MOTS-c and SS-31 be stacked in research?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes. MOTS-c and SS-31 act on different layers of mitochondrial biology and are frequently co-administered in preclinical mitochondrial-dysfunction research. MOTS-c regulates metabolic transcription via AMPK; SS-31 stabilises the inner-membrane lipid environment. Their mechanisms are complementary rather than overlapping, which makes the combination useful in research models of multi-axis mitochondrial decline.<\/p>\n<h3>Does MOTS-c cause side effects in research?<\/h3>\n<p>Published preclinical research has reported a notably clean safety profile at typical research doses in rodent models, with no consistent off-target signals and good tolerability across 4\u201312 week dosing cycles. MOTS-c is structurally an endogenous human peptide, which reduces the risk of antibody-mediated reactions seen with engineered analogs. Long-term human safety data are not available because human trials are still in early stages.<\/p>\n<h3>What is the half-life of MOTS-c?<\/h3>\n<p>In preclinical research, MOTS-c has an estimated plasma half-life of approximately 3\u20134 hours following subcutaneous administration. The relatively short systemic half-life is offset by intracellular accumulation and the peptide&#8217;s role as an intracellular signalling molecule rather than a circulating hormone \u2014 effects persist beyond the plasma clearance window in research models.<\/p>\n<h3>Why does endogenous MOTS-c decline with age?<\/h3>\n<p>Published cohort data show roughly a 50% decline in human serum MOTS-c levels between young and aged adults. The mechanism is not fully understood but is thought to relate to age-associated mitochondrial DNA mutations, declining mitochondrial transcription, and reduced biosynthesis of mitochondrially-encoded peptides in general. The age-related decline is one reason MOTS-c has attracted strong interest in longevity and geroscience research.<\/p>\n<h3>How long does MOTS-c take to show effects in preclinical research?<\/h3>\n<p>Acute effects on AMPK phosphorylation and glucose uptake are detectable within hours of administration. Insulin-sensitivity and body-composition effects in high-fat-diet rodent models typically become statistically significant after 2\u20134 weeks of regular dosing. Exercise-capacity improvements (treadmill endurance, VO<sub>2<\/sub>max surrogates) accrue over 4\u20138 weeks of continuous research dosing.<\/p>\n<h3>Can I order MOTS-c for international shipping?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes. MedsBase ships MOTS-c worldwide from our dedicated peptide shipping network. Peptide-only orders qualify for our standalone peptide shipping service. All orders ship in temperature-controlled packaging with full tracking and are covered by our <a href=\"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/medsbase-re-shipment-assurance-policy\/\">Reshipment Assurance Policy<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- medsbase-related-alts-v1 --><\/p>\n<h2>Other Peptides for Metabolic, Mitochondrial, and Longevity Research<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"\/nl\/ss-31-elamipretide\/\"><strong>SS-31 (Elamipretide)<\/strong><\/a> \u2014 Cardiolipin-binding mitochondrial tetrapeptide \u2014 canonical inner-membrane stabiliser<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/nl\/nad\/\"><strong>NAD+<\/strong><\/a> \u2014 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide \u2014 sirtuin\/longevity-axis metabolic research<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/nl\/epitalon\/\"><strong>Epitalon<\/strong><\/a> \u2014 AEDG pineal tetrapeptide \u2014 telomerase activation and longevity research<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/nl\/semaglutide\/\"><strong>Semaglutide<\/strong><\/a> \u2014 Long-acting GLP-1 agonist \u2014 glycaemic and body-weight research<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/nl\/retatrutide\/\"><strong>Retatrutide<\/strong><\/a> \u2014 Triple GLP-1\/GIP\/glucagon agonist \u2014 multi-axis metabolic research<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- medsbase-peptide-guide-cta --><\/p>\n<h2>Verder lezen<\/h2>\n<div style=\"background: #f4f8fb; border-left: 4px solid #2c7cb0; padding: 18px 22px; margin: 18px 0; border-radius: 4px;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 8px 0;\"><strong>\ud83d\udcd6 Compare mitochondrially-targeted peptides<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0;\">Explore the broader <a href=\"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/peptides\/\"><strong>onderzoekspeptiden catalogus<\/strong><\/a> for mitochondrial and metabolic peptides including <a href=\"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/ss-31-elamipretide\/\">SS-31 (Elamipretide)<\/a> for cardiolipin-targeted membrane research, <a href=\"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/nad\/\">NAD+<\/a> for sirtuin-axis longevity research, and <a href=\"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/epitalon\/\">Epitalon<\/a> for telomere-axis longevity research.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- pep-seo-v1 --><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u2705 Mitochondrially-encoded signalling peptide<br \/>\n\u2705 Activates AMPK metabolic pathway<br \/>\n\u2705 Supports insulin-sensitivity research<br \/>\n\u2705 Exercise-mimetic in preclinical models<br \/>\n\u2705 Longevity &amp; geroscience research compound<\/p>\n<p><strong>MOTS-c<\/strong> bevat synthetisch peptideverbinding.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":70967,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[5426],"product_tag":[6272,5441],"class_list":{"0":"post-70664","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-peptides","7":"product_tag-mots-c","8":"product_tag-peptide","10":"first","11":"instock","12":"shipping-taxable","13":"purchasable","14":"product-type-variable","15":"has-default-attributes"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/70664","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=70664"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/70967"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70664"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_brand?post=70664"},{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=70664"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medsbase.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=70664"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}