AOD-9604 (Lek przeciw otyłości 9604 / Tyr-hGH 177-191)

📦 Każde zamówienie jest objęte naszą Reshipment Assurance Policy — jeśli Twoja przesyłka nie dotrze w ciągu 20 dni roboczych, wysyłamy ją ponownie.

What Is AOD-9604?

AOD-9604 (“Anti-Obesity Drug 9604”; CAS 221231-10-3) is a synthetic 16-amino-acid peptide developed by Metabolic Pharmaceuticals Ltd at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia, beginning in the late 1990s. It is a stabilised analogue of the C-terminal lipolytic fragment of native human growth hormone (residues 177–191), to which an N-terminal tyrosine has been added to slow amino-terminal proteolytic degradation. Sequence Tyr-Leu-Arg-Ile-Val-Gln-Cys-Arg-Ser-Val-Glu-Gly-Ser-Cys-Gly-Phe (YLRIVQCRSVEGSCGF), with the native Cys182–Cys189 intramolecular disulfide bridge of the parent hGH preserved as Cys7–Cys14 within the fragment numbering. Molecular weight 1815.1 g/mol, empirical formula C₇₈H₁₂₃N₂₃O₂₃S₂.

The pharmacological logic behind AOD-9604 is one of the cleanest examples of structure-function dissection in HGH peptide research. Native full-length human growth hormone (191 amino acids) has at least two distinct biological activities: growth-promoting / anabolic effects (mediated through the GH receptor, JAK2/STAT5 signalling, and downstream IGF-1 production) and lipolytic / anti-lipogenic effects (mediated through a separate, incompletely-characterised mechanism that does not require GH-receptor engagement). The Monash group’s hypothesis was that the lipolytic activity is encoded in the C-terminal region of the molecule — and that a synthetic peptide encompassing just that region might retain the fat-mobilising activity while losing the growth-axis-engaging activity. This proved correct in published in-vitro and rodent research: the 176–191 fragment retains lipolytic and anti-lipogenic activity in adipocyte culture and DIO mouse models, but does not bind GHR, does not activate JAK2/STAT5, and does not induce IGF-1.

AOD-9604 progressed through multiple Phase I and Phase II clinical trials in the early-to-mid 2000s, culminating in a 28-week Phase IIb obesity trial (~500 patients) completed in 2007 by Metabolic Pharmaceuticals. The trial did not achieve its primary weight-loss endpoint, and the obesity-pharmacology development programme was discontinued. AOD-9604 subsequently entered the research-peptide and unregulated-supplement markets, where it has remained one of the most-cited “fat-loss peptides” in non-clinical literature. The compound retains research utility as the canonical pharmacological tool for studying GHR-decoupled lipolysis, the C-terminal hGH fragment biology, and the structure-function basis of HGH’s multiple activities.

A note on nomenclature: AOD-9604 and “Fragment HGH 176-191” are often used interchangeably in the supplier and research-peptide marketplace. Strictly, AOD-9604 (CAS 221231-10-3) is the Metabolic-Pharmaceuticals-developed analogue with the N-terminal Tyr stabilisation. “HGH Fragment 176-191” (CAS 66004-57-7 per some references) is the older, un-stabilised hGH 177–191 fragment that AOD-9604 was derived from. Both share the same YLRIVQCRSVEGSCGF amino-acid sequence in many supplier preparations — but the AOD-9604 designation specifically identifies the registered Metabolic-Pharmaceuticals research compound. Researchers should consult the COA to confirm which form a given supplier batch corresponds to.

Mechanism of Action — GHR-Decoupled Lipolysis

AOD-9604’s mechanism is among the most-discussed in HGH peptide research:

• Absence of GH receptor binding — The GHR-binding surface of native hGH is contained in the N-terminal half of the molecule (residues 1–120 region), which is absent from the AOD-9604 / 176–191 fragment. As a result, AOD-9604 does NOT bind the growth hormone receptor (GHR), does NOT activate JAK2/STAT5 signalling, does NOT induce hepatic IGF-1 production, and does NOT produce the growth-promoting, chondrocyte-stimulating, or insulin-counter-regulatory effects of the parent HGH 191AA molecule. This is the defining negative pharmacological property and the basis for AOD-9604’s research utility as a lipolysis-axis-isolating tool.
• β3-adrenergic receptor signalling (hypothesised) — The leading mechanistic hypothesis for AOD-9604’s lipolytic activity is that it engages the β3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) on adipocytes, either directly as an allosteric modulator or via an intermediate pathway. Published in-vitro research has demonstrated that AOD-9604’s lipolytic effect is blunted by β3-adrenergic antagonists, supporting the β3-AR hypothesis, although direct AOD-9604 / β3-AR binding has not been conclusively demonstrated in radioligand-binding assays. The mechanism remains incompletely characterised — a feature researchers should be aware of when interpreting published AOD-9604 results.
• Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) activation — Downstream of receptor engagement, AOD-9604 has been reported to activate adipocyte hormone-sensitive lipase via PKA-mediated phosphorylation (the canonical lipolysis-activation route), driving triglyceride hydrolysis into glycerol and free fatty acids. The increase in free fatty acid release into circulation has been documented in published rodent in-vivo work after AOD-9604 administration.
• Anti-lipogenic activity — In addition to driving lipolysis, AOD-9604 has been reported to suppress de-novo lipogenesis in cultured adipocytes — reducing the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty-acid synthase (FAS) in 3T3-L1 differentiation assays. The combined lipolysis-up / lipogenesis-down profile is the canonical “fat-mobilisation” pharmacology that the original Metabolic-Pharmaceuticals programme was designed to engage.
• Cartilage / osteoarthritis research (secondary indication) — Following the failure of the obesity programme, AOD-9604 was repositioned for evaluation in osteoarthritis research, with the hypothesis that chondroprotective effects of the parent hGH might be partially retained in the C-terminal fragment. Published in-vitro and small-animal research has reported chondrocyte-protective effects, although no large clinical trial in this indication has been completed.
• The 4-minute half-life problem — AOD-9604’s plasma half-life is approximately 4 minutes, driven by rapid amino-terminal proteolytic truncation despite the N-terminal Tyr stabilisation. This very short pharmacokinetic profile is one of the leading hypotheses for why the Phase IIb obesity trial did not achieve weight-loss endpoints — the fragment is degraded before sufficient receptor exposure can accumulate in target adipose tissue under once-daily SC dosing. Newer research peptides that target the same lipolysis-axis biology with longer half-lives (modified hGH fragments with PEG-stabilisation, fragment-Fc fusion proteins) are in earlier-stage research and not commercially available.

The combination of mechanistically clean GHR-decoupling and disappointing in-vivo half-life makes AOD-9604 a useful research tool with a clear pharmacological story but a documented translational limitation. Published research dosing in rodents is typically 100–1,000 µg/kg/d SC, with the higher end of this range used to overcome the short half-life by saturating clearance. In cell-culture work, micromolar concentrations are used because of the short biological half-life of the fragment in culture medium.

Published Research Applications

AOD-9604 is used in laboratory research contexts that investigate:

• GHR-decoupled lipolysis pharmacology — the canonical research tool for studying the lipolytic / anti-lipogenic activity of the C-terminal hGH fragment in isolation from GH-axis signalling; standard reference compound for any new “fat-loss-only” hGH-fragment research
• Structure-function research of HGH — AOD-9604 is one of the cleanest examples of pharmacological structure-function dissection of the multi-activity HGH molecule; used in published research that maps the lipolytic-domain residues of native HGH
• Adipocyte biology and lipolysis research — drives lipolysis in cultured 3T3-L1 and primary adipocyte preparations; used in research on the regulation of adipocyte hormone-sensitive lipase, lipid droplet remodelling, and brown / beige adipocyte biology
• β3-adrenergic receptor pharmacology (indirect) — AOD-9604’s β3-AR-dependence (in some published research) makes it useful as an indirect probe of β3-AR-coupled lipolysis pathways, alongside direct β3-AR agonists (CL-316,243, mirabegron)
• Diet-induced obesity (DIO) rodent research — published 4–8 week dosing protocols (100–1,000 µg/kg/d SC) in DIO mice and rats have been reported to reduce fat-mass without affecting lean-mass or IGF-1 levels; standard research tool for the “lipolytic-only” component of fat-loss pharmacology
• Cartilage / chondrocyte research — used in published in-vitro chondrocyte and small-animal osteoarthritis models for chondroprotective evaluation; secondary research indication following the discontinuation of the obesity programme
• Comparative pharmacology vs HGH 191AA and HGH Fragment 176-191 — published head-to-head comparisons of AOD-9604 vs full-length HGH and the un-stabilised 176-191 fragment have characterised the differential GHR-binding, IGF-1-induction, and lipolytic profiles; AOD-9604 sits at the “lipolytic-only, no growth axis” extreme of this spectrum
• Plasma-stability and protease-resistance research — the 4-minute half-life makes AOD-9604 a useful reference compound for protease-resistance research; newer modified analogues (PEG-stabilised, fragment-Fc fusion, alternative N-terminal cap modifications) are benchmarked against AOD-9604 in early-stage development research

For broader context on HGH-axis and fat-loss research peptides in this catalogue, see Fragment HGH 176-191 (the un-stabilised parent fragment — direct comparison), HGH 191AA (the full-length parent molecule — for comparative pharmacology), Tesamorelin (GHRH analogue — upstream HGH-axis stimulation), Sermorelina (GHRH 1-29 analogue), and MOTS-c (mitochondrial-derived metabolic peptide). Browse the full research peptides & compounds catalog, or see the curated fat-loss research peptides i growth-hormone research peptides hubs.

Dostępne mocowania i stężenia

MedsBase stocks AOD-9604 in three lyophilized vial sizes calibrated to typical in-vitro and in-vivo research protocols. Each strength is available in 10-vial or 20-vial pack formats:

All three strengths are the same chemical entity (lyophilized AOD-9604, ≥99% HPLC purity, MALDI-TOF mass-confirmed at 1815.1 Da). The 10 mg vial provides the lowest per-mg cost for large in-vivo protocols (a single 10 mg vial supports approximately 50 days of 200 µg/kg/d dosing in a 25-g mouse, or about 10 days at 1 mg/kg/d in a 30-g rat). Researchers should determine specific dose ranges from peer-reviewed literature appropriate to the protocol.

How It Compares — AOD-9604 vs HGH Fragment 176-191

AOD-9604 and Fragment HGH 176-191 are the two HGH C-terminal fragment research peptides in this catalogue, and they sit very close together on the structure-function spectrum. AOD-9604 is the Metabolic-Pharmaceuticals-developed analogue with the N-terminal tyrosine extension that adds protease-stability. The un-stabilised HGH Fragment 176-191 lacks the N-terminal Tyr and has a slightly shorter half-life in culture / in-vivo, but is otherwise mechanistically identical. The two compounds are often used interchangeably in supplier listings — the differentiation matters for rigorous pharmacology research, less so for cell-culture stimulation work.

For research focused on rigorous structure-function HGH-fragment pharmacology, AOD-9604 with its registered CAS / known origin is the cleaner reference. For exploratory in-vitro lipolysis work where the precise origin matters less, Fragment HGH 176-191 is the more economical option. For research that needs the full HGH pharmacology including GH-receptor / IGF-1 axis engagement, see HGH 191AA.

Przechowywanie i rekonstytucja

Przed rekonstytucją: store lyophilized vials refrigerated at 2–8 °C in original packaging for short-term working stock. For long-term storage, freeze unopened vials at −20 °C (stable ≥36 months at −20 °C; ≥18 months at 2–8 °C). The Cys7–Cys14 disulfide bridge is stable in the lyophilized state and through brief refrigerated storage. Protect from light.

Procedura rekonstytucji: inject bacteriostatic water down the side wall of the vial (not directly onto the lyophilized cake). For a 2 mg vial, 1.0 mL of diluent yields a 2 mg/mL working stock; 0.5 mL yields 4 mg/mL. For a 5 mg vial, 1.0 mL yields 5 mg/mL; 2.5 mL yields 2 mg/mL. For a 10 mg vial, 1.0 mL yields 10 mg/mL (the practical solubility limit in aqueous buffer); 5.0 mL yields 2 mg/mL. AOD-9604 dissolves rapidly with gentle swirling at room temperature — typically within 15–30 seconds. Once reconstituted, store the vial at 2–8 °C and use within 30 days. Protect from light. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles of reconstituted material — cumulative freeze-thaw risks Cys7–Cys14 disulfide scrambling and partial aggregation. Discard if cloudiness, particulates, or marked colour change appears.

Najczęściej zadawane pytania

What is the difference between AOD-9604 and HGH Fragment 176-191?

AOD-9604 (CAS 221231-10-3) is the Metabolic-Pharmaceuticals-developed registered research compound with an N-terminal tyrosine extension that adds amino-terminal protease-stability to the parent hGH 177–191 fragment. “Fragment HGH 176-191” (CAS 66004-57-7 per some references) is the earlier, un-stabilised version of the same C-terminal hGH peptide. The two are often used interchangeably in the research-peptide marketplace, but strictly the AOD-9604 designation identifies the Metabolic-Pharmaceuticals registered analogue with the stabilising Tyr. Both lack GHR binding and both retain the lipolytic activity of the parent hGH C-terminal region. Consult the COA to confirm which sequence form a given batch corresponds to.

Is AOD-9604 the same as HGH?

No. AOD-9604 is a 16-amino-acid synthetic fragment of HGH covering only the C-terminal lipolytic region (residues 176–191 + N-terminal Tyr). Native HGH 191AA is the full-length 191-amino-acid protein. The most important pharmacological difference is that full-length HGH binds the growth hormone receptor (GHR) and activates the JAK2/STAT5/IGF-1 axis — driving the broad growth-promoting and metabolic effects of HGH — while AOD-9604 does NOT bind GHR and does NOT induce IGF-1. AOD-9604 retains only the lipolytic / anti-lipogenic activity of the parent molecule. The two compounds are therefore mechanistically distinct: HGH 191AA for full GH-axis pharmacology, AOD-9604 for lipolysis-only research.

Why did the Phase IIb obesity trial fail?

The 28-week Phase IIb obesity trial (~500 patients, completed by Metabolic Pharmaceuticals in 2007) did not achieve its primary weight-loss endpoint relative to placebo. The leading hypotheses in subsequent published analyses are: (1) the very short plasma half-life (~4 minutes) limits cumulative receptor exposure under once-daily SC dosing; (2) the lipolytic effect, while real in mechanistic in-vitro and acute in-vivo experiments, may not translate to net adipose-mass loss in the human metabolic context where compensatory anti-lipolytic signalling dominates over chronic dosing; (3) the in-vivo dose may have been insufficient to overcome the pharmacokinetic constraint. The compound was repositioned for osteoarthritis research after the obesity programme was discontinued.

What published dose ranges have been used in rodent research?

Published mouse and rat in-vivo protocols typically use 100–1,000 µg/kg/d SC, with most published work in the 200–500 µg/kg/d range for 4–8 weeks. The higher end of this range (up to 1 mg/kg/d) has been used in some publications to overcome the short half-life. In-vitro 3T3-L1 adipocyte assays typically use 1–10 µM. Researchers should consult primary literature (Ng et al. — Metabolic Pharmaceuticals research; Heffernan et al. — adipocyte mechanism research) for species-, model-, and endpoint-specific guidance.

What is the WADA regulatory status of AOD-9604?

AOD-9604 is not on the current WADA Prohibited List under its specific name. However, the broader S2 class (Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors, Related Substances and Mimetics) explicitly covers growth-hormone fragments and “GH-axis-related compounds,” and AOD-9604’s classification under this broader category has been the subject of regulatory discussion. Researchers conducting human-subject research with AOD-9604 should consult the current WADA Prohibited List and applicable jurisdictional regulations directly rather than relying on the absence of a specific name from the list.

What is the difference between AOD-9604 and direct β3-adrenergic agonists like mirabegron?

Mirabegron and CL-316,243 are direct β3-adrenergic receptor agonists — small molecules that bind the β3-AR orthosteric site and activate Gs-cAMP signalling. AOD-9604 is an indirect β3-AR engager (in some published research) — the lipolytic activity is blunted by β3-AR antagonists, supporting β3-AR-dependence, but direct AOD-9604 / β3-AR binding has not been conclusively demonstrated. For research that needs cleanly defined direct β3-AR pharmacology, mirabegron or CL-316,243 are the preferred tools. For research that needs the broader “lipolytic-fragment-of-HGH” pharmacology with its incompletely-characterised mechanism, AOD-9604 is the canonical reference.

Can AOD-9604 be combined with HGH 191AA, GHRH analogues, or other lipolytic peptides in research protocols?

Yes — AOD-9604 targets a different layer of HGH-axis biology than full-length HGH 191AA or the GHRH analogues (Tesamorelin, Sermorelina), and combinations are commonly used in published research to dissect lipolytic-only contributions from broader GH-axis effects. The most-published combinations are AOD-9604 + HGH 191AA (testing whether the lipolytic component adds to or substracts from full HGH activity); AOD-9604 + MOTS-c (dual fat-loss research, different mechanisms); AOD-9604 + a GHRH analogue (testing whether endogenous-pulsatile HGH release combined with the lipolytic fragment outperforms either alone). Reconstitute each separately and follow each compound’s specific storage rules.

Why is AOD-9604 sometimes listed at 1815.1 Da and sometimes 1817 Da?

The discrepancy reflects the difference between monoisotopic mass (1815.1 Da, calculated from the most-abundant isotope of each atom) and average molecular mass (1817.1 Da, calculated from the natural-isotope-weighted average mass of each atom). Both are correct for the same molecule. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry typically reports monoisotopic mass for peptides this size; older literature and some suppliers report average mass. For COA-purposes the 1815.1 Da figure is the canonical Sigma-Aldrich reference value.

Other Research Peptides for HGH-Axis and Fat-Loss Research

• Fragment HGH 176-191 — Un-stabilised parent fragment — direct mechanistic sibling, similar GHR-decoupled lipolysis
• HGH 191AA — Full-length parent molecule — for comparative pharmacology with GH-axis engagement
• Tesamorelin — GHRH analogue — upstream HGH-axis stimulation
• Sermorelina — GHRH 1-29 analogue — pituitary endogenous-HGH research
• MOTS-c — Mitochondrial-derived metabolic peptide — alternative-mechanism fat-loss research
• BAC Water (Woda bakteriostatyczna) — Required for reconstituting any lyophilized vial — sterile, 0.9% benzyl-alcohol-preserved diluent

Więcej opcji w Peptydach

Ranking według liczby ostatnich zamówień MedsBase — co wybierają inni klienci w tej kategorii.

BPC-157

US$115.00 – US$705.00Zakres cen: 115,00 USD – 705,00 USD

Retatrutide

US$310.00 – US$6,515.00Zakres cen: 310,00 USD – 6 515,00 USD

NAD⁺

US$210.00 – US$1,975.00Zakres cen: 210,00 USD – 1 975,00 USD

CJC-1295 bez DAC

US$210.00 – US$1,975.00Zakres cen: 210,00 USD – 1 975,00 USD