PT-141
✅ Enhances sexual desire and arousal
✅ Supports central nervous system signaling
✅ Promotes sexual motivation and responsiveness
✅ Boosts neurotransmitter activity related to mood
✅ Improves overall sexual well-being
PT‑141 contains a synthetic peptide compound.
✓ Medisch beoordeeld door Morgan Ellis — Apotheekonderzoeker · 8 jaar ervaring · Laatst beoordeeld: mei 2026
Quick Answer — What is PT-141?
PT-141 (bremelanotide) is a synthetic melanocortin receptor agonist acting at the MC4R in the central nervous system. Unlike PDE5 inhibitors that target vascular physiology, PT-141 activates CNS arousal pathways via dopamine release in the medial preoptic area. It is FDA-approved under the trade name Vyleesi for female hypoactive sexual desire disorder (not the research-use-only form sold here). Supplied in 10 mg lyophilized vials for laboratory research use only.
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| Specificatie | Detail |
|---|---|
| CAS-nummer | 189691-06-3 |
| Molecuulformule | C50H68N14O10 |
| Moleculair gewicht | 1025.18 Da |
| Sequentie | Ac-Nle-cyclo[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-OH |
| Form | Lyofiliseerd poeder (of zoals geleverd) |
| Zuiverheid | ≥99% (HPLC geverifieerd, COA op aanvraag) |
| Opslag | Lyofiliseerd: 2–8 °C (koelkast) voor werkvoorraad; −20 °C voor langdurige opslag van ongeopende flesjes. Gereconstitueerd: 2–8 °C, gebruik binnen ~30 dagen. Bescherm tegen licht. Vries de gereconstitueerde oplossing niet in en ontdooi deze niet. |
| Oplosbaarheid | Bacteriostatisch water (aanbevolen) of steriel water voor kortere gebruiksperioden |
| Onderzoeksgebruik | Alleen voor laboratoriumonderzoek. Niet voor humaan of veterinair diagnostisch of therapeutisch gebruik. |
What Is PT-141?
PT-141 (international nonproprietary name: bremelanotide) is a synthetic seven-amino-acid cyclic peptide analog of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH). It belongs to the melanocortin family and was originally developed from studies of Melanotan II, which researchers noted produced unexpected arousal effects as a side effect during tanning-related research.
Sequence (cyclic): Ac-Nle-cyclo[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-OH. Molecular weight approximately 1,025 Da. PT-141 binds melanocortin receptors with preference for the MC4 receptor (MC4R), with measurable activity at MC1R, MC3R, and MC5R. The CNS-arousal research signal is attributed primarily to MC4R activation in the hypothalamic medial preoptic area.
Bremelanotide was FDA-approved in June 2019 under the trade name Vyleesi specifically for generalized hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women. The research-use-only form sold by peptide-research suppliers is chemically identical but is niet the FDA-approved therapeutic product and is for laboratory research use only. For deeper mechanism and published research context, see our full PT-141 research guide.
Mechanism of Action — Central (Not Vascular) Arousal Pathway
PT-141’s most important mechanistic distinction is that it acts centrally — in the brain — rather than peripherally on vascular smooth muscle. This makes it fundamentally different from PDE5 inhibitors (Viagra, Cialis) which target the vascular nitric-oxide pathway to produce erection via blood-flow changes:
- MC4 receptor agonism — PT-141 binds the MC4R in the hypothalamic medial preoptic area (mPOA) and paraventricular nucleus. MC4R activation in these regions is a recognised upstream regulator of sexual arousal pathways in both males and females.
- Dopaminergic signaling — MC4R activation in the mPOA triggers dopamine release in regions associated with appetitive behavior and arousal. This downstream dopamine signal is thought to mediate the observed behavioral effects in research.
- Independence from vascular physiology — because PT-141 acts in the brain rather than on vasculature, its effects are independent of nitric-oxide availability or endothelial function. This is the mechanistic basis for PT-141 research in populations where PDE5 inhibitors are ineffective (central-origin sexual dysfunction, post-SSRI dysfunction, spinal-cord research).
Because melanocortin receptors are expressed in multiple tissues, PT-141 has research utility beyond sexual-function studies — including hemorrhagic shock research (MC4R vasopressor effects), appetitive-behavior neuroscience, and comparative melanocortin pharmacology.
Published Research Applications
PT-141 is used in laboratory research contexts that investigate:
- Central-arousal pathway research — rodent and in-vitro models of CNS sexual-function signaling (King et al., Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2010)
- Melanocortin receptor pharmacology — MC4R signaling and downstream cAMP/PKA pathway research
- Hemorrhagic shock research — vasopressor-adjacent studies in trauma-model preclinical research
- Comparative arousal pharmacology — benchmarking vs PDE5 inhibitors (vascular) and other non-vascular arousal compounds
- Neuroscience research — dopamine mPOA signaling and appetitive-behavior research in rodent behavioral models
- Receptor selectivity profiling — MC3R vs MC4R selectivity studies in melanocortin analog research
For broader context on peptides in the sexual-health research space see the research peptides catalog.
Available Strengths
MedsBase stocks PT-141 in a single 10 mg lyophilized vial strength, available in 10-vial, 20-vial, or 30-vial pack formats:
| Vulsterkte | Typisch gebruik | Verpakkingsgroottes |
|---|---|---|
| 10 mg | Standard research strength — supports approximately 6 administrations per vial at the 1.5 mg titration dose | 10, 20, or 30 vials |
The 10 mg vial format matches typical research protocol usage — 1–2 mg per administration on an as-needed basis, with 1.5 mg being a common titration starting point in published protocols. Supplied as lyophilized powder at 99%+ HPLC purity.
How It Compares — PT-141 vs PDE5 Inhibitors
PT-141 and PDE5 inhibitors target sexual function via entirely different mechanisms. Understanding the difference is central to any comparative research using PT-141:
| Criterium | PT-141 (Bremelanotide) | PDE5 Inhibitors (sildenafil, tadalafil, etc.) |
|---|---|---|
| Mechanism | Central (CNS) melanocortin MC4R agonism | Peripheral (vascular) PDE5 inhibition |
| Target tissue | Hypothalamus (mPOA) | Vascular smooth muscle |
| Requires NO signaling? | No — independent of vascular pathway | Yes — amplifies endogenous NO |
| Route | Subcutaneous injection | Oral tablet |
| FDA-approved indication | Female HSDD (Vyleesi, 2019) | Male ED, PAH |
| Research populations | Central-origin arousal research, post-SSRI | Peripheral vascular / endothelial research |
Opslag en Reconstituering
Voor reconstituering: store lyophilized vials refrigerated at 2–8 °C in original packaging, stable up to 36 months. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles on the powder.
Reconstitueringsprocedure: inject bacteriostatic water down the side wall of the peptide vial per the chart above. Swirl gently — do niet shake — and allow 5–10 minutes for full dissolution. A correctly reconstituted solution should be clear and colourless.
Na reconstitutie: store refrigerated at 2–8 °C and use within 30 days. Do not freeze reconstituted solution — freeze-thaw cycles degrade peptide integrity.
Veelgestelde vragen
What is PT-141 used for in research?
PT-141 is used in laboratory research investigating central-arousal pathway signaling, melanocortin receptor pharmacology (especially MC4R), hemorrhagic shock vasopressor effects, neuroscience of appetitive behavior, and comparative arousal pharmacology versus PDE5 inhibitors. It is sold here strictly for laboratory research use only.
How is PT-141 different from Viagra or Cialis?
PT-141 acts centrally, in the brain — it binds melanocortin MC4 receptors in the hypothalamus to trigger arousal via dopamine signaling. PDE5 inhibitors (sildenafil / Viagra, tadalafil / Cialis) act peripherally on vascular smooth muscle to enhance blood flow via nitric oxide amplification. The mechanisms are entirely separate, which is why PT-141 research includes populations where PDE5 inhibitors are ineffective.
What is the typical PT-141 research dose?
Published preclinical protocols and the FDA-approved Vyleesi label describe 1.75 mg per administration as needed, with some research protocols using 1–2 mg titration. A 10 mg vial reconstituted with 2.0 mL bacteriostatic water yields 5 mg/mL — 30 ticks on a U-100 syringe delivers 1.5 mg.
Is PT-141 FDA approved?
Bremelanotide (PT-141) is FDA-approved under the trade name Vyleesi (AMAG Pharmaceuticals, 2019) specifically for generalized hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women. The research-use-only form sold by peptide suppliers is chemically identical but is niet the approved therapeutic product and should not be used for therapy.
How should PT-141 be stored?
Gevriesdroogde flesjes: gekoeld bewaren bij 2–8 °C in de originele verpakking, stabiel tot 36 maanden. Oplossing na reconstitutie: gekoeld bewaren bij 2–8 °C, binnen 30 dagen gebruiken. Vries de gereconstitueerde oplossing niet in — vries-ontdooicycli degraderen het peptide.
How do I reconstitute PT-141?
Follow the reconstitution chart above. Add bacteriostatic water down the side wall of the vial, swirl gently, and allow 5–10 minutes for full dissolution. Do niet shake the vial. The chart provides three dilution options depending on the per-administration dose size your research protocol requires.
Welke sterktes heeft MedsBase op voorraad?
MedsBase carries PT-141 in 10 mg lyophilized vials, available in 10-vial, 20-vial, or 30-vial pack sizes. All vials are supplied at 99%+ HPLC purity with a certificate of analysis on request.
Is PT-141 the same as Melanotan II?
No, but they share an ancestor. Both are melanocortin analogs, and PT-141 was developed from observations during Melanotan II research. Melanotan II is a broader melanocortin agonist (MC1R/MC3R/MC4R/MC5R) with significant melanocyte-stimulating activity (tanning effect). PT-141 was refined to reduce MC1R activity (minimal tanning) while preserving MC4R-mediated arousal research signal.
Does PT-141 cause side effects in research?
Published research and the Vyleesi clinical trial data report the most common effects as transient nausea, flushing, and mild headache after administration. Transient blood-pressure elevation has been noted; Vyleesi carries a precaution for patients with uncontrolled hypertension or cardiovascular disease. A small proportion of research subjects experience transient focal hyperpigmentation (related to residual MC1R activity).
When is PT-141 typically used versus PDE5 inhibitors in research?
PT-141 research protocols are typically selected when the research question involves central-origin sexual dysfunction (not vascular), post-SSRI sexual dysfunction, female sexual-desire research, or comparative central-vs-peripheral pharmacology. PDE5 inhibitors remain the reference for vascular-ED research.
Can I take PT-141 with other peptides in research?
PT-141 acts through a distinct receptor family (melanocortin) from the GHRP/GHRH peptides (ipamorelin, CJC-1295), healing peptides (BPC-157, TB-500), and metabolic peptides (retatrutide). Pharmacological interactions are minimal, though research protocols should account for independent side-effect profiles.
What is the half-life of PT-141?
PT-141 (bremelanotide) has a plasma half-life of approximately 2.7 hours, based on pharmacokinetic data from clinical studies of the approved Vyleesi formulation. Reconstituted solutions should be stored at 4 °C and used within 30 days.
How does PT-141 differ from Melanotan II?
PT-141 is a metabolite of Melanotan II with reduced MC1R activity and relatively more selective MC4R activity — giving it a clinical development path focused on central arousal research that resulted in FDA approval (Vyleesi). Melanotan II has broader melanocortin receptor activity (MC1R–MC5R) and is studied for UV-induced pigmentation as well as arousal. In research contexts, PT-141 has the more characterised clinical dataset of the two.
Can I order PT-141 for international shipping?
Yes. MedsBase ships PT-141 worldwide from our dedicated peptide shipping network. Peptide-only orders qualify for our standalone peptide shipping service. Orders ship in temperature-controlled packaging with full tracking.
Andere Peptiden voor Herstel- en Prestatieonderzoek
- BPC-157 — Body Protection Compound — onderzoek naar pees-, ligament- en darmherstel
- TB-500 — Thymosine Beta-4 fragment — onderzoek naar zacht weefsel en vasculair herstel
- Ipamorelin — Selectieve ghreline-agonist — schone GH-puls zonder cortisol/prolactine
- CJC-1295 met DAC — GHRH-analoog met verlengde halfwaardetijd
- GHK-Cu — Koperpeptide — onderzoek naar huid- en bindweefselregeneratie
Verder lezen
📖 Lees het onderzoek achter dit peptide
Lees onze volledige evidence-based gids: PT-141 (Bremelanotide) — mechanism, Vyleesi history, research protocols. Covers melanocortin receptor pharmacology, CNS arousal pathway biology, FDA approval history, published research dosing ranges, reconstitution protocols, and safety notes.
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Gerangschikt op recente bestelvolumes van MedsBase — wat andere klanten in deze categorie kiezen.
| Sterkte | 10 mg |
|---|---|
| Hoeveelheid | 10 flacons, 20 flacons, 30 flacons |
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