Kisspeptine-10

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What Is Kisspeptin-10?

Kisspeptine-10 (KP-10) is a 10-amino-acid peptide and the most extensively studied active fragment of the KISS1 gene product, a 145-amino-acid preprokisspeptin that is processed into the 54-amino-acid mature kisspeptin and several shorter C-terminal active fragments (kisspeptin-14, kisspeptin-13, kisspeptin-10). All of the shorter fragments share the C-terminal 10-residue active core and have comparable potency at the kisspeptin receptor — kisspeptin-10 is the shortest fully active form and is by far the most common research peptide in the kisspeptin literature.

The well-characterised sequence is YNWNSFGLRF-NH₂, molecular weight 1302.45 Da, empirical formula C₆₃H₈₃N₁₇O₁₄. The C-terminal amidation is essential for full receptor activity. KISS1 was originally identified as a metastasis-suppressor gene by Lee et al. (Cancer Res 1996) and was renamed kisspeptin in honour of Hershey, Pennsylvania (home of Hershey’s Kisses chocolates) where the gene was first cloned. The reproductive role — KISS1/GPR54 as the apical regulator of GnRH neurons and the molecular gatekeeper of puberty — was established by two independent papers in 2003 (Seminara et al., NEJM; de Roux et al., PNAS) demonstrating that loss-of-function GPR54 mutations cause idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in humans. Kisspeptin-10 is supplied as a high-purity lyophilized powder for reconstitution with bacteriostatic water. It is not approved by the FDA, EMA, MHRA, or any other major regulator for human therapeutic use, although ongoing IVF and infertility research is investigating clinical applications. The research-grade kisspeptin-10 sold here is supplied uitsluitend voor laboratoriumonderzoek and is not intended for human or veterinary administration.

Mechanism of Action — GPR54 / KISS1R Signalling and the HPG Axis

What makes kisspeptin-10 mechanistically distinctive among reproductive-research peptides is its position as the apical upstream regulator of the entire hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. The peptide acts at a single receptor — GPR54 (also called KISS1R) — but the downstream cascade controls the full reproductive endocrine system in published research:

• GPR54 (KISS1R) activation on GnRH neurons — Kisspeptin-10 binds GPR54, a class A G-protein-coupled receptor expressed densely on GnRH neuron cell bodies in the hypothalamic arcuate and anteroventral periventricular nuclei. Receptor activation couples to Gα_q/11 and phospholipase C, raising intracellular calcium and triggering GnRH neuron depolarisation and pulsatile GnRH release into the hypophyseal portal system. This is the most direct mechanism — GnRH neuron firing is the rate-limiting step of HPG-axis activity, and kisspeptin is the principal endogenous stimulus.
• Pulsatile vs surge-mode HPG-axis regulation — Kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus drive the pulsatile GnRH/LH pattern that maintains gonadal function throughout adult reproductive life. A separate population of kisspeptin neurons in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (in rodents) generates the preovulatory LH surge in females. Research using selective stimulation or knockout of these populations has dissected the two modes of HPG-axis output in published research.
• Puberty initiation and the “kisspeptin switch” — Loss-of-function GPR54 mutations cause complete failure of puberty onset in humans and animal models; gain-of-function mutations cause central precocious puberty. The “kisspeptin switch” hypothesis — that puberty is initiated when arcuate kisspeptin neurons reach a critical activity threshold — is the dominant model of pubertal onset in current reproductive neuroscience research.

Kisspeptin-10 has a relatively short plasma half-life (~5–10 minutes) due to rapid proteolytic cleavage, particularly at the central RF amide motif by matrix metalloproteinases. Subcutaneous, intravenous, and intracerebroventricular routes are all documented in published research; the central route is reserved for mechanism-of-action studies in rodents where the BBB-crossing question is relevant. For systemic HPG-axis research, peripheral administration produces measurable GnRH/LH responses within minutes of bolus injection.

Published Research Applications

Kisspeptin-10 is used in laboratory research contexts that investigate:

• Reproductive endocrinology and HPG-axis pharmacology — pulsatile GnRH/LH/FSH dynamics, gonadal feedback regulation, sex-steroid feedback on kisspeptin neuron activity (Seminara et al., NEJM 2003; de Roux et al., PNAS 2003)
• Puberty research — pubertal onset timing in rodent models, kisspeptin-neuron activation patterns across the pubertal transition, mechanistic dissection of central precocious puberty
• Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism research — preclinical models of GPR54 loss-of-function, kisspeptin-replacement protocols, mechanism-of-action research for novel hypogonadism therapies
• IVF and ovulation induction research — alternatives to hCG trigger in IVF protocols, comparative LH-surge induction; clinical translation has reached Phase 2 in some research programmes although kisspeptin-10 itself is not approved
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) research — altered kisspeptin tone in PCOS preclinical models, LH-pulse frequency abnormalities, follicular maturation research
• Metastasis suppression and cancer biology — KISS1 was originally identified as a metastasis-suppressor gene; published research continues to investigate kisspeptin’s anti-metastatic activity in breast, melanoma, and pancreatic cancer models
• Cardiovascular and metabolic research — emerging KISS1R expression on cardiomyocytes and pancreatic β-cells; effects on glucose homeostasis and cardiac contractility under investigation
• Comparative reproductive peptide research — benchmarking against PT-141 (Bremelanotide) for melanocortin-axis sexual-behaviour research and against Oxytocine Acetaat for affiliative and social-bonding endpoints.

For broader context on where kisspeptin-10 fits within the reproductive and CNS-active peptide landscape, see PT-141 (melanocortin agonist for sexual behaviour research), Oxytocine Acetaat (affiliative-behaviour neuropeptide), and Sermorelin (GHRH-axis hypothalamic-pituitary research). Browse the full onderzoekspeptiden catalogus voor gerelateerde verbindingen.

Beschikbare sterktes en concentraties

MedsBase stocks Kisspeptin-10 in two lyophilized vial sizes calibrated to typical research protocol lengths. Each strength is available in 10-vial or 20-vial pack formats with full reconstitution guidance:

Both strengths are the same chemical form (lyophilized powder, 99%+ HPLC purity). Higher-mg vials require smaller reconstitution volumes per unit dose, which is useful when researchers want to minimise injection volume in rodent protocols. Because kisspeptin-10 dose ranges are in the low-microgram regime per administration, a single 5 mg vial supports many weeks of pulse-protocol research at typical doses.

How It Compares — Kisspeptin-10 vs PT-141

Kisspeptin-10 and PT-141 (Bremelanotide) are both small CNS-active peptides used in reproductive- and sexual-behaviour research, but they act on fundamentally different pathways. Kisspeptin-10 acts on the endocrine HPG axis at the GnRH-neuron level; PT-141 acts on the melanocortin behavioural-sexual axis at the MC4R level. The two are mechanistically complementary rather than competing in research models.

The two peptides address different layers of reproductive biology — kisspeptin-10 the endocrine HPG axis, PT-141 the CNS-mediated behavioural axis — so they are not direct alternatives. Research interested in pulsatile GnRH/LH dynamics, puberty timing, or hypogonadism uses kisspeptin-10. Research interested in CNS-mediated sexual-arousal pathways uses PT-141.

Opslag en Reconstituering

Voor reconstituering: store lyophilized vials refrigerated at 2–8 °C in original packaging for short-term working stock. For unopened long-term storage, freeze at −20 °C. Lyophilized kisspeptin-10 is stable under refrigeration for up to 24 months and at −20 °C for up to 36 months. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles on the lyophilized powder.

Reconstitueringsprocedure: inject bacteriostatic water down the side wall of the peptide vial (not directly onto the lyophilized cake). For a 5 mg vial, 2.0 mL of bacteriostatic water yields a 2.5 mg/mL working concentration — 0.04 mL delivers a 100 mcg research dose. For lower-dose work, further dilution into bacteriostatic water (with optional BSA carrier protein at 0.1%) can be used. Swirl gently — do niet shake — and allow 2–5 minutes for full dissolution. A correctly reconstituted solution should be clear and colourless.

Na reconstitutie: store refrigerated at 2–8 °C and use within 30 days for optimal stability. Do not freeze the reconstituted solution — freeze-thaw cycles degrade peptide integrity. Discard any vial showing cloudiness, precipitate, or discolouration. Kisspeptin-10 is susceptible to proteolytic cleavage at the C-terminal RF-amide motif; reconstituted solution should be used promptly within the 30-day window for protocols requiring tight dose-response calibration.

Veelgestelde vragen

What is Kisspeptin-10 used for in research?

Kisspeptin-10 is used in laboratory research investigating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, GnRH neuron activity, pulsatile gonadotropin release, puberty onset, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), IVF and ovulation-induction alternatives to hCG, cancer metastasis suppression (KISS1 was originally identified as a metastasis-suppressor gene), and emerging cardiometabolic kisspeptin signalling. It is the canonical research tool for KISS1R / GPR54 pharmacology. The research-grade kisspeptin-10 sold here is niet FDA-approved and is supplied strictly for laboratory research use only.

How is Kisspeptin-10 different from PT-141?

Both are small CNS-active reproductive peptides, but they target different receptors and biological layers. Kisspeptin-10 acts on the GPR54/KISS1R receptor on GnRH neurons and drives the endocrine HPG axis (LH, FSH, gonadal steroid production). PT-141 acts on MC3R/MC4R melanocortin receptors in the CNS and drives behavioural-sexual responses (desire, arousal, erectile function). The two are mechanistically complementary and address different research questions.

What is the difference between Kisspeptin-10 and Kisspeptin-54?

Both are active fragments of the KISS1 gene product. Kisspeptin-54 (also called metastin) is the full-length mature 54-amino-acid peptide secreted in vivo. Kisspeptin-10 is the C-terminal 10-amino-acid active core, which retains essentially full receptor potency and is the most commonly used research peptide because its smaller size makes synthesis cheaper, purity easier to verify, and reconstitution simpler. Kisspeptin-13 and kisspeptin-14 are intermediate cleavage products that also share the active C-terminal core. All four have comparable potency at GPR54.

What is the typical Kisspeptin-10 research dose?

Published preclinical protocols typically use 10–200 mcg per administration in rodent models, given subcutaneously or intravenously for bolus-pulse research, or as continuous infusion for chronic-stimulation studies. Human IVF research has used 6.4–12.8 μg/kg as a single subcutaneous trigger dose. A 5 mg vial reconstituted with 2.0 mL bacteriostatic water yields 2.5 mg/mL — 0.04 mL equals 100 mcg.

Is Kisspeptin-10 FDA approved?

No. Kisspeptin-10 is not approved by the FDA, EMA, MHRA, or any other major regulator for human therapeutic use. Phase 2 clinical research in IVF ovulation induction is ongoing, but kisspeptin-10 has not been approved for any clinical indication. All kisspeptin-10 sold by research-use-only suppliers is for laboratory investigation and should not be administered to humans.

How should Kisspeptin-10 be stored?

Lyophilized vials: refrigerated at 2–8 °C for short-term working stock, or −20 °C for long-term storage of unopened vials. Reconstituted solution: refrigerated at 2–8 °C, use within 30 days. Do not freeze reconstituted solution — freeze-thaw cycles degrade the peptide. Protect from direct light at all times. For low-concentration working dilutions, BSA carrier protein (0.1%) is recommended to minimise adsorption losses.

How do I reconstitute Kisspeptin-10?

Follow the reconstitution procedure above. Add bacteriostatic water down the side wall of the vial (not onto the lyophilized cake), swirl gently, and allow 2–5 minutes for full dissolution. Do niet shake the vial. A correctly reconstituted solution is clear and colourless. For a 5 mg vial + 2.0 mL diluent, the working concentration is 2.5 mg/mL.

Welke sterktes heeft MedsBase op voorraad?

MedsBase carries Kisspeptin-10 in 5 mg and 10 mg lyophilized vials. Each strength is available in 10-vial or 20-vial pack sizes. All vials are supplied at 99%+ HPLC purity with a certificate of analysis available on request.

Why was KISS1 originally named kisspeptin?

The KISS1 gene was discovered as a metastasis-suppressor gene by Lee et al. at Hershey, Pennsylvania (Cancer Res 1996). The name “kisspeptin” was a tongue-in-cheek reference to Hershey’s Kisses, the iconic chocolate produced in the same town. The reproductive role was not characterised until 2003 with the simultaneous publication of human GPR54-mutation hypogonadism studies in NEJM (Seminara et al.) and PNAS (de Roux et al.). The peptide thus has the unusual distinction of being independently characterised as both a cancer metastasis suppressor and the apical regulator of puberty — two roles that remain incompletely connected mechanistically.

Does Kisspeptin-10 cause side effects in research?

Published preclinical and Phase 1/2 clinical research has documented good tolerability at typical research doses. The predominant on-target effects are HPG-axis activation — rising LH, FSH, testosterone (males) or estradiol (females), and downstream gonadal steroid effects. Off-target findings include modest cardiovascular effects mediated by KISS1R expression on vascular tissue, and a flushing/vasodilation effect noted in some human research at higher doses. Long-term safety data outside research contexts is limited.

What is the half-life of Kisspeptin-10?

In preclinical and clinical research, kisspeptin-10 has a plasma half-life of approximately 5–10 minutes following intravenous or subcutaneous administration. The short half-life is due to rapid proteolytic cleavage by matrix metalloproteinases at the central RF-amide motif. For chronic-stimulation research, continuous infusion or repeated pulse-dosing protocols are used to maintain receptor occupancy.

How long does Kisspeptin-10 take to show effects in preclinical research?

Acute LH responses to bolus kisspeptin-10 administration are detectable within 5–15 minutes in rodent and human research. FSH and downstream gonadal steroid responses develop over hours to days. Chronic-stimulation effects on puberty timing in young rodent models manifest over the natural pubertal window — days to weeks depending on species and developmental stage at intervention.

Can I order Kisspeptin-10 for international shipping?

Yes. MedsBase ships Kisspeptin-10 worldwide from our dedicated peptide shipping network. Peptide-only orders qualify for our standalone peptide shipping service. All orders ship in temperature-controlled packaging with full tracking and are covered by our Reshipment Assurance Policy.

Other Peptides for Reproductive, CNS, and Behavioural Research

• PT-141 (Bremelanotide) — Cyclic heptapeptide melanocortin agonist — CNS-mediated sexual-behaviour research
• Oxytocine Acetaat — 9-aa cyclic neuropeptide — social-bonding and affiliative behavioural research
• Sermorelin — GHRH(1-29) analog — hypothalamic-pituitary-axis research
• CJC-1295 met DAC — Long-acting GHRH analog — growth-axis research
• Selank — Anxiolytic heptapeptide — GABA / BDNF stress-resilience research

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